#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
Nucleic acid
Capsid
Cytoplasm
Envelope
#2
What is the function of a virus's envelope?
To protect the virus from host immune system
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To store genetic material
To regulate virus replication
#3
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus?
Ribosome
Capsid
Enzyme
Ligase
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bacteriophage?
It infects human cells.
It is a type of retrovirus.
It infects bacteria.
It contains a lipid envelope.
#5
Which of the following is true regarding the replication of RNA viruses?
They use host DNA polymerase for replication.
They replicate in the host cytoplasm.
They have proofreading mechanisms that minimize mutation rates.
They always produce double-stranded RNA intermediates.
#6
What is the primary role of viral RNA polymerase during viral replication?
Proofreading viral RNA
Synthesizing viral RNA
Transcribing viral DNA
Breaking down host RNA
#7
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral entry into host cells?
Endocytosis
Fusion with host cell membrane
Budding from host cell membrane
Injection of viral genetic material
#8
What is the function of viral protease during the viral replication cycle?
Replicating viral DNA
Cleaving viral proteins from a polyprotein precursor
Transcribing viral RNA
Binding to host cell receptors
#9
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral nucleic acid?
#10
What is the primary function of the viral genome?
To encode host cell proteins
To replicate viral nucleic acid
To produce viral enzymes
To induce host cell lysis
#11
Which of the following viruses primarily infects bacteria?
Influenza virus
Rhinovirus
Herpesvirus
Bacteriophage
#12
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in some viruses?
To replicate DNA
To convert RNA to DNA
To produce viral proteins
To assemble new virus particles
#13
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza viruses?
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To replicate viral RNA
To cleave sialic acid from host cells
To induce host cell apoptosis
#14
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a viroid?
It contains a protein coat.
It primarily infects bacteria.
It is composed of single-stranded RNA.
It lacks a nucleic acid core.
#15
Which type of virus requires the integration of its genome into the host cell's genome for replication?
Retrovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Papillomavirus
Herpesvirus
#16
What is the significance of the 'lock-and-key' mechanism in virus-host cell interaction?
It ensures viral replication occurs in the cytoplasm.
It enhances the specificity of viral attachment to host cells.
It prevents viral RNA from degradation.
It triggers host cell apoptosis.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a prion?
Contains RNA as genetic material
Causes cell lysis
Is composed solely of protein
Replicates using reverse transcriptase
#18
What is the role of integrase in the life cycle of retroviruses?
Cleaving viral proteins from a polyprotein precursor
Integrating viral DNA into the host genome
Initiating viral gene expression
Assembling new virus particles
#19
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a satellite virus?
It lacks a protein coat.
It depends on other viruses for replication.
It infects bacteria.
It contains a lipid envelope.
#20
What is the significance of viral receptors in host cell recognition?
They prevent viral entry into host cells.
They determine the tissue tropism of viruses.
They are involved in viral genome replication.
They induce host cell apoptosis.
#21
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
Single-stranded DNA genome
Double-stranded RNA genome
Reverse transcription during replication
No envelope
#22
What is the name of the process by which viruses acquire their lipid envelope from host cell membranes?
Fusion
Endocytosis
Budding
Lysis
#23
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to evade host immune responses?
Upregulating host immune response genes
Producing antibodies against host cells
Mutation of viral surface proteins
Inhibiting viral replication
#24
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to exit host cells?
Apoptosis
Endocytosis
Lysis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
#25
Which of the following is a mechanism by which viruses can cause cancer?
Inducing host cell apoptosis
Inserting viral DNA into the host genome
Preventing viral entry into host cells
Enhancing host immune response