#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
Nucleic acid
Capsid
Cytoplasm
Envelope
#2
What is the function of a virus's envelope?
To protect the virus from host immune system
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To store genetic material
To regulate virus replication
#3
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus?
Ribosome
Capsid
Enzyme
Ligase
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bacteriophage?
It infects human cells.
It is a type of retrovirus.
It infects bacteria.
It contains a lipid envelope.
#5
Which of the following is true regarding the replication of RNA viruses?
They use host DNA polymerase for replication.
They replicate in the host cytoplasm.
They have proofreading mechanisms that minimize mutation rates.
They always produce double-stranded RNA intermediates.
#6
Which of the following viruses primarily infects bacteria?
Influenza virus
Rhinovirus
Herpesvirus
Bacteriophage
#7
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in some viruses?
To replicate DNA
To convert RNA to DNA
To produce viral proteins
To assemble new virus particles
#8
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza viruses?
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To replicate viral RNA
To cleave sialic acid from host cells
To induce host cell apoptosis
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a viroid?
It contains a protein coat.
It primarily infects bacteria.
It is composed of single-stranded RNA.
It lacks a nucleic acid core.
#10
Which type of virus requires the integration of its genome into the host cell's genome for replication?
Retrovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Papillomavirus
Herpesvirus
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
Single-stranded DNA genome
Double-stranded RNA genome
Reverse transcription during replication
No envelope
#12
What is the name of the process by which viruses acquire their lipid envelope from host cell membranes?
Fusion
Endocytosis
Budding
Lysis
#13
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to evade host immune responses?
Upregulating host immune response genes
Producing antibodies against host cells
Mutation of viral surface proteins
Inhibiting viral replication
#14
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to exit host cells?
Apoptosis
Endocytosis
Lysis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
#15
Which of the following is a mechanism by which viruses can cause cancer?
Inducing host cell apoptosis
Inserting viral DNA into the host genome
Preventing viral entry into host cells
Enhancing host immune response