#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
Cytoplasm
ExplanationViruses lack cellular structures like cytoplasm.
#2
What is the function of a virus's envelope?
To facilitate attachment to host cells
ExplanationEnvelope aids in host cell attachment.
#3
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus?
Capsid
ExplanationCapsid encloses viral genetic material.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bacteriophage?
It infects bacteria.
ExplanationBacteriophages specifically infect bacteria.
#5
Which of the following is true regarding the replication of RNA viruses?
They replicate in the host cytoplasm.
ExplanationRNA viruses replicate in the host cytoplasm.
#6
Which of the following viruses primarily infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
ExplanationBacteriophages specifically target bacteria.
#7
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in some viruses?
To convert RNA to DNA
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA into DNA.
#8
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza viruses?
To cleave sialic acid from host cells
ExplanationNeuraminidase helps release viruses from host cells.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a viroid?
It is composed of single-stranded RNA.
ExplanationViroids consist of single-stranded RNA.
#10
Which type of virus requires the integration of its genome into the host cell's genome for replication?
Retrovirus
ExplanationRetroviruses integrate their genome into the host's.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
Reverse transcription during replication
ExplanationRetroviruses perform reverse transcription.
#12
What is the name of the process by which viruses acquire their lipid envelope from host cell membranes?
Budding
ExplanationViruses acquire envelopes through budding.
#13
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to evade host immune responses?
Mutation of viral surface proteins
ExplanationViruses evade immune responses via surface protein mutation.
#14
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to exit host cells?
Apoptosis
ExplanationViruses can induce host cell apoptosis for exit.
#15
Which of the following is a mechanism by which viruses can cause cancer?
Inserting viral DNA into the host genome
ExplanationViral DNA integration into the host genome can lead to cancer.