#1
Which virus causes the flu?
Ebola virus
Influenza virus
HIV
Zika virus
#2
Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with influenza?
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Muscle aches
#3
Which protein allows the influenza virus to enter host cells?
Hemagglutinin (HA)
Neuraminidase (NA)
M2 protein
Matrix protein
#4
Which influenza virus subtype caused the Hong Kong flu pandemic in 1968?
Influenza A (H3N2)
Influenza B
Influenza A (H1N1)
Influenza C
#5
Which of the following is NOT a common complication of influenza?
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Meningitis
Sinusitis
#6
What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza?
Fecal-oral route
Vector-borne transmission
Airborne droplets
Direct contact with infected blood
#7
What are the subtypes of influenza viruses?
A, B, and C
1, 2, and 3
Type I, II, and III
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma
#8
What is the best way to prevent influenza?
Regular exercise
Wearing a mask
Hand hygiene and vaccination
Avoiding crowded places
#9
What is the incubation period of influenza?
24-48 hours
3-5 days
1-2 weeks
Varies widely depending on the strain
#10
What is the role of neuraminidase (NA) in the influenza virus?
Binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells
Causing the release of newly formed virus particles from infected cells
Facilitating viral fusion with host cell membranes
Activating viral replication machinery
#11
Which animal is considered a natural reservoir for influenza A viruses?
#12
Which influenza subtype is responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918?
Influenza A (H1N1)
Influenza B
Influenza C
Influenza A (H3N2)
#13
What is antigenic drift in the context of influenza?
Rapid mutation resulting in new strains
Sudden, major change due to reassortment
Gradual accumulation of mutations in surface proteins
Cross-species transmission
#14
What is the main difference between influenza and the common cold?
Influenza is caused by bacteria, while the common cold is caused by viruses
Influenza has a sudden onset with more severe symptoms, while the common cold has a gradual onset with milder symptoms
Influenza primarily affects the respiratory system, while the common cold primarily affects the digestive system
There is no significant difference between influenza and the common cold
#15
What is a cytokine storm in the context of severe influenza infection?
A condition where the body's immune system attacks its own cells
An exaggerated immune response leading to widespread inflammation
A type of antiviral medication used to treat severe influenza cases
A preventive measure against influenza transmission
#16
What is the mechanism of action of adamantanes, a class of antiviral drugs used against influenza?
Blocking viral RNA synthesis
Inhibiting viral entry by blocking M2 ion channel
Preventing viral release from infected cells
Inhibiting neuraminidase activity
#17
What is a zoonotic infection?
An infection transmitted from humans to animals
An infection transmitted through contaminated water sources
An infection transmitted between different species
An infection caused by a virus