#1
In the context of psychological attribution, what is meant by the term 'situational attribution'?
Attributing behavior to internal factors
Attributing behavior to external factors
Ignoring behavior
Copying behavior
#2
Which bias involves the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors and overlook situational factors?
Confirmation bias
Self-serving bias
Actor-observer bias
Halo effect
#3
Which attribution bias involves attributing success to one's own abilities and effort while attributing failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
False consensus effect
Self-effacement bias
#4
What is the false consensus effect in psychological attribution?
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
The tendency to underestimate the impact of external factors.
The tendency to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors.
The tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors.
#5
What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in attribution psychology?
The tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making judgments and adjustments based on that information.
The tendency to anchor judgments on extreme values and adjust insufficiently.
The tendency to anchor judgments on the most recent information and adjust accordingly.
The tendency to anchor judgments on situational factors and adjust based on dispositional factors.
#6
In psychological attribution, what does the fundamental attribution error refer to?
Attributing behavior to internal factors
Attributing behavior to external factors
Ignoring behavior
Copying behavior
#7
Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's success to internal factors and failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Cognitive dissonance
#8
What is the difference between internal and external attributions in psychology?
Internal attributions involve personal characteristics, while external attributions involve situational factors.
Internal attributions involve situational factors, while external attributions involve personal characteristics.
Both internal and external attributions focus on personal characteristics.
Both internal and external attributions focus on situational factors.
#9
Which term is used to describe the tendency to attribute one's own positive actions to internal factors and negative actions to external factors?
Recency effect
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
Confirmation bias
#10
What is the difference between the halo effect and the horn effect in attribution?
Halo effect is a positive bias, while horn effect is a negative bias.
Halo effect is a negative bias, while horn effect is a positive bias.
Both halo effect and horn effect are positive biases.
Both halo effect and horn effect are negative biases.
#11
Which term is used to describe the tendency to attribute positive events to internal factors and negative events to external factors?
Positivity bias
Negativity bias
Optimism bias
Pessimism bias
#12
What is the actor-observer bias in psychological attribution?
Tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors and one's own behavior to external factors
Tendency to attribute others' behavior to external factors and one's own behavior to internal factors
Tendency to ignore others' behavior
Tendency to copy others' behavior
#13
Which psychological theory suggests that people tend to explain others' behaviors by attributing them to either dispositional or situational factors?
Social cognitive theory
Attribution theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Humanistic theory
#14
According to Kelley's covariation model, what three types of information do people use to make attributions?
Consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness
Self-serving bias, confirmation bias, and hindsight bias
Recency effect, primacy effect, and confirmation bias
Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination
#15
What role does culture play in influencing attribution patterns?
Culture has no impact on attribution patterns.
Culture can shape how people make attributions.
Culture only influences situational attributions.
Culture only influences dispositional attributions.
#16
What is spontaneous trait transference in attribution psychology?
The tendency to spontaneously attribute traits to oneself.
The tendency to spontaneously attribute traits to others that one describes oneself as having.
The tendency to attribute traits based on situational factors.
The tendency to spontaneously change one's traits.
#17
In the context of attribution, what is meant by the term 'illusory correlation'?
Perceiving a relationship between variables that does not actually exist.
Attributing behaviors to external factors.
Ignoring correlations in data.
Creating correlations through bias.