#1
In the context of psychological attribution, what is meant by the term 'situational attribution'?
Attributing behavior to external factors
ExplanationAttributing behavior to external circumstances.
#2
Which bias involves the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors and overlook situational factors?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationTendency to attribute others' behavior internally and one's own behavior externally.
#3
Which attribution bias involves attributing success to one's own abilities and effort while attributing failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationTendency to credit success internally and blame failure externally.
#4
What is the false consensus effect in psychological attribution?
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
ExplanationOverestimation of how much others share our beliefs and behaviors.
#5
What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in attribution psychology?
The tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making judgments and adjustments based on that information.
ExplanationReliance on initial information when making judgments.
#6
In psychological attribution, what does the fundamental attribution error refer to?
Attributing behavior to internal factors
ExplanationError of attributing others' behavior to internal factors.
#7
Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's success to internal factors and failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationTendency to credit oneself for success and blame external factors for failure.
#8
What is the difference between internal and external attributions in psychology?
Internal attributions involve personal characteristics, while external attributions involve situational factors.
ExplanationInternal attributions relate to personal traits, while external attributions relate to outside circumstances.
#9
Which term is used to describe the tendency to attribute one's own positive actions to internal factors and negative actions to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationTendency to attribute positive actions to oneself and negative actions to external factors.
#10
What is the difference between the halo effect and the horn effect in attribution?
Halo effect is a positive bias, while horn effect is a negative bias.
ExplanationHalo effect is positive bias, while horn effect is negative bias.
#11
Which term is used to describe the tendency to attribute positive events to internal factors and negative events to external factors?
Optimism bias
ExplanationTendency to attribute positive events internally and negative events externally.
#12
What is the actor-observer bias in psychological attribution?
Tendency to attribute others' behavior to external factors and one's own behavior to internal factors
ExplanationTendency to explain others' behavior by external factors and one's own behavior by internal factors.
#13
Which psychological theory suggests that people tend to explain others' behaviors by attributing them to either dispositional or situational factors?
Attribution theory
ExplanationTheory explaining how people attribute behaviors to internal or external factors.
#14
According to Kelley's covariation model, what three types of information do people use to make attributions?
Consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness
ExplanationPeople consider consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness when attributing behavior.
#15
What role does culture play in influencing attribution patterns?
Culture can shape how people make attributions.
ExplanationCulture influences how attributions are made.
#16
What is spontaneous trait transference in attribution psychology?
The tendency to spontaneously attribute traits to others that one describes oneself as having.
ExplanationTendency to attribute to others traits one describes oneself as having.
#17
In the context of attribution, what is meant by the term 'illusory correlation'?
Perceiving a relationship between variables that does not actually exist.
ExplanationPerceiving a false relationship between variables.