#1
Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Intellectual disability (ID)
Specific learning disorder (SLD)
#2
What is a common characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders?
They always have a clear genetic cause
They typically develop suddenly in adulthood
They manifest during early development
They primarily affect physical health
#3
What is a common pharmacological treatment for ADHD?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Antipsychotic medications
Stimulant medications
Benzodiazepines
#4
Which of the following therapies focuses on improving social communication skills and reducing behavioral challenges in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
Occupational therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Speech-language therapy
Applied behavior analysis
#5
What is a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders?
Gradual onset during adulthood
Manifestation of symptoms solely in social settings
Associated with above-average intelligence
Impairments in daily functioning
#6
Which of the following is NOT considered a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Down syndrome
Tourette syndrome
Alzheimer's disease
Fetal alcohol syndrome
#7
What is the primary goal of therapeutic interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders?
To eliminate the disorder completely
To manage symptoms and improve quality of life
To alter genetic makeup
To induce developmental regression
#8
What is the term used to describe difficulties in coordinating muscle movements, often resulting in shaky movements and poor balance?
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Ataxia
Dyskinesia
#9
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with attention regulation and is implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
#10
Which of the following neurodevelopmental disorders is characterized by significant difficulties in reading, writing, and/or mathematics?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Specific learning disorder (SLD)
Intellectual disability (ID)
Down syndrome
#11
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is commonly used to address behavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder?
Pharmacotherapy
Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
#12
What is the primary mode of inheritance for fragile X syndrome, a common genetic cause of intellectual disability?
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
#13
Which of the following is a key feature of Tourette syndrome?
Sudden muscle weakness or paralysis
Sudden, involuntary vocalizations or movements
Visual hallucinations
Impaired social cognition
#14
Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of Rett syndrome?
Progressive muscle wasting
Repetitive hand movements
Uncontrolled laughter or crying
Visual and auditory hallucinations
#15
What is a potential side effect of long-term use of stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD?
Weight gain
Sedation
Tics
Memory enhancement