#1
Which of the following is a common cause of hemorrhage in trauma?
Hypertension
Diabetes
Blunt force trauma
Osteoporosis
#2
What is the first step in managing a patient with hemorrhagic shock?
Administering pain medication
Elevating the legs
Administering intravenous fluids
Controlling the bleeding source
#3
Which of the following is a common symptom of hemorrhagic shock?
Hypothermia
Increased urine output
Bradycardia
Decreased mental status
#4
What is the primary cause of death in trauma patients with hemorrhage?
Infection
Organ failure
Hypoxia
Uncontrolled bleeding
#5
What is the most appropriate initial management for suspected internal hemorrhage in trauma patients?
Immediate surgery
Serial physical examinations
Administration of blood products
Diagnostic imaging studies
#6
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of hemorrhagic shock?
Decreased blood volume leads to inadequate tissue perfusion
Increased blood volume leads to tissue hypoxia
Inflammation causes blood clots to form in vital organs
Excessive bleeding causes tissue necrosis
#7
Which of the following is NOT a sign of hemorrhagic shock?
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Hyperthermia
Cool, clammy skin
#8
Which of the following is a late sign of shock in trauma patients?
Tachypnea
Hypertension
Oliguria
Tachycardia
#9
What is the recommended approach to control external bleeding in trauma?
Applying direct pressure
Administering antibiotics
Irrigating the wound
Applying a tourniquet proximal to the wound
#10
What is the primary goal of pharmacologic therapy in hemorrhagic shock?
To decrease blood viscosity
To increase oxygen demand
To optimize coagulation
To improve tissue oxygen delivery
#11
What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock?
To increase blood viscosity
To decrease cardiac output
To restore tissue perfusion
To induce vasoconstriction
#12
Which of the following is a complication associated with massive transfusion in trauma patients?
Hypothermia
Hypertension
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
#13
What is the recommended ratio of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in massive transfusion protocols for trauma patients?
#14
Which of the following conditions is a potential consequence of prolonged hypoperfusion in hemorrhagic shock?
Hypernatremia
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
#15
Which of the following imaging modalities is most commonly used to identify sources of internal bleeding in trauma patients?
Ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
X-ray