Which of the following is an example of a cross-sectional study?
A study following a group of individuals over a long period.
A study assessing the prevalence of diabetes in a population at a single point in time.
A study investigating the effects of a drug on blood pressure over time.
A study comparing the effectiveness of two different treatments on cancer patients.
#2
What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?
To determine the sample size for the main study.
To test the feasibility of the study procedures.
To analyze the data collected from the main study.
To recruit participants for the main study.
#3
What is the term used to describe the group of individuals from which a sample is drawn in a research study?
Population
Sample
Control group
Treatment group
#4
What is the term used to describe a variable that is measured at the end of a study?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Confounding variable
Explanatory variable
#5
What is the primary advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) over other study designs?
It is less expensive to conduct.
It allows for the determination of causality.
It requires fewer participants.
It is less time-consuming.
#6
In a case-control study, how are participants selected?
Participants are selected based on their exposure to a particular factor.
Participants are randomly assigned to different groups.
Participants are followed over time to observe outcomes.
Participants are selected from the general population and then observed for the development of a disease.
#7
What is a confounding variable in research?
A variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher.
A variable that is measured inaccurately.
A variable that distorts the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
A variable that is not relevant to the study.
#8
What is the purpose of blinding in a research study?
To ensure that participants are fully informed about the study procedures.
To prevent bias in the assessment of outcomes.
To recruit participants from diverse backgrounds.
To analyze the data using statistical software.
#9
Which of the following is a limitation of a cross-sectional study design?
It cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.
It is expensive and time-consuming.
It requires a long-term follow-up period.
It cannot recruit participants from different geographical locations.
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cohort study?
Participants are selected based on their disease status.
Participants are followed over time to observe outcomes.
Participants are randomly assigned to different groups.
Participants are asked to recall past events.
#11
Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study?
A study assessing the prevalence of obesity in a population at a single point in time.
A study following a group of individuals over 10 years to assess changes in cognitive function.
A study comparing the effectiveness of two different treatments on arthritis patients.
A study investigating the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
#12
What is the term used to describe a study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment group they belong to?
Double-blind study
Single-blind study
Triple-blind study
Open-label study
#13
What is the term used to describe a study in which participants are randomly assigned to different treatment groups, and neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment group they belong to?