#1
Which term refers to the tendency to favor members of one's own group over those who belong to other groups?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference for one's own group over others.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences interpersonal attraction?
Social exchange theory
ExplanationTheory explaining relationships based on cost-benefit analysis, not a factor in attraction.
#3
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be fulfilled before an individual can progress to higher-level needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic survival needs as foundation for growth.
#4
Which term describes the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationReduced effort in group tasks due to diffusion of responsibility.
#5
The concept of 'conformity' in social psychology refers to:
The tendency for individuals to comply with group norms or expectations
ExplanationAdhering to group norms or expectations.
#6
The term 'ingroup' refers to:
A social group to which an individual belongs and identifies with
ExplanationGroup where individual belongs and identifies.
#7
What is the term for the discomfort that arises from inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationDiscomfort due to conflicting beliefs and actions.
#8
The Stanford prison experiment, conducted by Philip Zimbardo, aimed to investigate:
The power of situational factors on behavior
ExplanationEffect of environment on human behavior.
#9
Which concept refers to the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to external factors while attributing others' to internal factors?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationBlaming external factors for oneself, internal for others.
#10
The bystander effect refers to:
The diffusion of responsibility among individuals in a group in emergency situations
ExplanationResponsibility dilution in emergencies within groups.
#11
Which term describes the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others compared to when alone?
Social facilitation
ExplanationEnhanced performance in simple tasks with others.
#12
Which theory proposes that people are motivated to seek consistency between their attitudes and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationMotivation for consistency in beliefs and actions.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
It results in changes in underlying personality traits
ExplanationPrediction influencing behavior, not personality change.
#14
According to social identity theory, individuals strive to maintain a positive social identity by:
Increasing differentiation between ingroups and outgroups
ExplanationEnhancing distinctions between self-group and others.