#1
In research involving human subjects, what does 'informed consent' refer to?
Participants are told all the possible outcomes of the research.
Participants provide their agreement to participate after being informed about the research.
Participants are compensated financially for their involvement in the research.
Participants are unaware of the true nature of the research.
#2
Which of the following statements accurately describes the principle of 'confidentiality' in research ethics?
Participants' identities are protected, and data are kept private.
Participants are not informed about the purpose of the research.
Participants are provided with all the information about the study.
Researchers share participants' data with anyone who requests it.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of informed consent?
Disclosure of purpose
Financial compensation
Voluntary participation
Understanding and comprehension
#4
What is the term used to describe the process of minimizing harm and maximizing benefits in research involving human subjects?
Beneficence
Confidentiality
Justice
Non-maleficence
#5
What ethical principle emphasizes the obligation to minimize the risks of harm to participants in research?
Respect for Persons
Beneficence
Justice
Non-maleficence
#6
Which principle of research ethics emphasizes the necessity of obtaining voluntary informed consent from participants?
Beneficence
Respect for Persons
Justice
Non-maleficence
#7
What is the term used to describe the potential harm or discomfort that research participants might experience as a result of their participation in a study?
Risk
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Anonymity
#8
What does the term 'debriefing' mean in the context of research involving human subjects?
Providing participants with a detailed explanation of the study after their participation.
Conducting a survey to gather feedback from participants about their experience.
Exposing participants to a series of stimuli to measure their reactions.
Omitting important information from participants to test their reactions.
#9
What ethical principle emphasizes the need to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly among different groups of people?
Beneficence
Respect for Persons
Justice
Non-maleficence
#10
What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research involving human subjects?
To review and approve research protocols to ensure ethical standards are met.
To conduct data analysis and interpretation.
To recruit participants for research studies.
To provide funding for research projects.
#11
Which of the following statements is true regarding vulnerable populations in research?
Special protections are often necessary for vulnerable populations due to their diminished autonomy.
Vulnerable populations should be excluded from research studies to avoid ethical complications.
Vulnerable populations always provide the same level of informed consent as non-vulnerable populations.
Researchers have no ethical obligations towards vulnerable populations.
#12
What does the term 'anonymity' mean in the context of research involving human subjects?
Participants' identities are never known to the researcher or anyone else.
Participants' identities are known to the researcher but kept confidential.
Participants' identities are shared with other participants in the study.
Participants' identities are known to the researcher and disclosed publicly.
#13
Which of the following is NOT an ethical consideration when conducting research with human subjects?
Privacy and Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Utilitarianism
Respect for Persons
#14
Which of the following statements best describes 'exempt' research in the context of human subjects?
Research that is not subject to ethical review because it poses minimal risk to participants.
Research that is conducted without obtaining informed consent from participants.
Research that involves vulnerable populations and requires special ethical considerations.
Research that is intentionally designed to harm participants for scientific purposes.
#15
Which of the following is an example of coercion in research involving human subjects?
Offering participants a small compensation for their time and effort.
Providing participants with all necessary information about the study.
Threatening participants with negative consequences if they refuse to participate.
Allowing participants to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
#16
Which of the following is an example of an exemption from informed consent requirements in research?
A study involving surveys distributed to participants online
A study involving vulnerable populations
A study involving experiments with potentially harmful interventions
A study involving deception
#17
Which of the following is NOT an essential element of research ethics training for researchers?
Understanding of informed consent procedures
Familiarity with data analysis software
Awareness of ethical guidelines and regulations
Knowledge of how to protect participant confidentiality
#18
Which of the following is an example of a breach of research ethics?
Obtaining informed consent from all participants
Ensuring participant confidentiality
Misrepresenting research findings
Providing adequate compensation to participants