#1
In research involving human subjects, what does 'informed consent' refer to?
Participants provide their agreement to participate after being informed about the research.
ExplanationParticipants' agreement after being fully informed.
#2
Which of the following statements accurately describes the principle of 'confidentiality' in research ethics?
Participants' identities are protected, and data are kept private.
ExplanationProtecting participants' identities and keeping data private.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of informed consent?
Financial compensation
ExplanationFinancial compensation is not a component.
#4
What is the term used to describe the process of minimizing harm and maximizing benefits in research involving human subjects?
Beneficence
ExplanationMinimizing harm and maximizing benefits.
#5
What ethical principle emphasizes the obligation to minimize the risks of harm to participants in research?
Non-maleficence
ExplanationObligation to minimize harm to participants.
#6
Which principle of research ethics emphasizes the necessity of obtaining voluntary informed consent from participants?
Respect for Persons
ExplanationRespect for participants' autonomy and decision-making.
#7
What is the term used to describe the potential harm or discomfort that research participants might experience as a result of their participation in a study?
Risk
ExplanationPotential harm or discomfort from participation.
#8
What does the term 'debriefing' mean in the context of research involving human subjects?
Providing participants with a detailed explanation of the study after their participation.
ExplanationProviding detailed explanation post-study participation.
#9
What ethical principle emphasizes the need to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly among different groups of people?
Justice
ExplanationFair distribution of benefits and burdens.
#10
What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research involving human subjects?
To review and approve research protocols to ensure ethical standards are met.
ExplanationEnsuring research protocols meet ethical standards.
#11
Which of the following statements is true regarding vulnerable populations in research?
Special protections are often necessary for vulnerable populations due to their diminished autonomy.
ExplanationSpecial protections for diminished autonomy.
#12
What does the term 'anonymity' mean in the context of research involving human subjects?
Participants' identities are never known to the researcher or anyone else.
ExplanationParticipants' identities remain unknown.
#13
Which of the following is NOT an ethical consideration when conducting research with human subjects?
Utilitarianism
ExplanationUtilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness, not individual rights.
#14
Which of the following statements best describes 'exempt' research in the context of human subjects?
Research that is not subject to ethical review because it poses minimal risk to participants.
ExplanationResearch exempted due to minimal risk.
#15
Which of the following is an example of coercion in research involving human subjects?
Threatening participants with negative consequences if they refuse to participate.
ExplanationThreatening with negative consequences for refusal.
#16
Which of the following is an example of an exemption from informed consent requirements in research?
A study involving surveys distributed to participants online
ExplanationExemption for online survey participation.
#17
Which of the following is NOT an essential element of research ethics training for researchers?
Familiarity with data analysis software
ExplanationData analysis software familiarity is not essential.
#18
Which of the following is an example of a breach of research ethics?
Misrepresenting research findings
ExplanationMisrepresenting research results.