#1
Which of the following perspectives in psychology emphasizes the influence of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences on personality?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationFocuses on unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
#2
Which of the following psychologists is associated with the theory of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow: self-actualization and hierarchy of needs.
#3
Which of the following traits is NOT part of the Five Factor Model (Big Five) of personality?
Intraversion
ExplanationIntraversion is not a part of the Big Five.
#4
Which of the following best describes the id, according to Freudian theory?
The part of personality that seeks pleasure and instant gratification
ExplanationId: seeks pleasure and instant gratification.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a projective personality test?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
ExplanationMMPI is not a projective personality test.
#6
What does the humanistic perspective of personality focus on?
Self-actualization and personal growth
ExplanationHumanistic perspective: focus on self-actualization and personal growth.
#7
According to the social-cognitive perspective, personality is the result of an interaction between which factors?
Self-regulation, thoughts, and environment
ExplanationPersonality results from interaction: self-regulation, thoughts, and environment.
#8
Which of the following theories suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between traits and situations?
Social-cognitive theory
ExplanationBehavior influenced by traits interacting with situations.
#9
According to the biological perspective, which of the following factors significantly influences personality?
Genetic makeup
ExplanationGenetic makeup significantly influences personality.
#10
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, which stage is characterized by the focus on the genitals and the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex?
Phallic stage
ExplanationPhallic stage: focus on genitals, Oedipus/Electra complex resolution.
#11
Which of the following defense mechanisms involves the redirection of one's own unacceptable impulses onto another person?
Displacement
ExplanationDisplacement: redirecting unacceptable impulses to another person.
#12
According to Bandura's social-cognitive theory, what is self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations
ExplanationSelf-efficacy: belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.