#1
Who is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
#2
Which of the following is an unconditioned response in classical conditioning?
Salivating at the sound of a bell
Avoiding a specific place due to fear
Flinching at the sound of a loud noise
Feeling anxious in a crowded room
#3
Which psychologist proposed the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#4
What is the conditioned stimulus in the famous Pavlov's dog experiment?
The bell
The food
The salivation of the dog
The dog
#5
What is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Acquisition
Discrimination
#6
What is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?
A dog learning to sit by receiving a treat each time it does so
A student studying harder for exams after receiving a good grade
A person feeling anxious when hearing the sound of an alarm clock
A child learning to fear bees after being stung by one
#7
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus initially paired with to produce a conditioned response?
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
#8
What is extinction in classical conditioning?
The process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response
The spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response after a period of rest
The strengthening of a conditioned response over time
#9
In classical conditioning, what is discrimination?
The process of distinguishing between similar stimuli and responding differently to them
The process of weakening a conditioned response by presenting the conditioned stimulus alone
The process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
The process of strengthening a conditioned response over time
#10
What is the process by which a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#11
What is a primary reinforcer in classical conditioning?
A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning
A stimulus that becomes reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer
A stimulus that initially has no effect on behavior but becomes reinforcing through association with a primary reinforcer
A stimulus that naturally satisfies a biological need or desire
#12
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning rather than classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A pigeon pecking a button to receive food
A child crying at the sight of a needle
A person feeling anxious when hearing a song associated with a traumatic event
#13
Which term describes the phenomenon where a conditioned response reappears after a period of rest, even if no further conditioning trials occur?
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
#14
Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A child crying at the sight of a needle
A cat hissing at the sight of a dog
A person feeling anxious when hearing a song associated with a traumatic event
#15
Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell after several days of not hearing the bell
A child crying at the sight of a needle
A cat hissing at the sight of a dog
A person feeling anxious when hearing a song associated with a traumatic event