#1
Which theory suggests that personality is largely determined by genetics?
Trait theory
ExplanationFocuses on stable and inherent traits as key determinants of personality.
#2
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow's theory ranks human needs, from basic physiological to self-actualization.
#3
The Big Five personality traits include all of the following EXCEPT:
Empathy
ExplanationTraits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
#4
Carl Rogers is best known for which of the following approaches to personality?
Person-centered theory
ExplanationFocuses on fostering self-actualization through empathetic understanding.
#5
The 'Five-Factor Model' is another name for which theory?
Big Five Personality Traits
ExplanationComprises five broad personality dimensions.
#6
Which of the following is a major critique of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
It is too deterministic
ExplanationCritiqued for overly rigid views on the influence of unconscious processes.
#7
What is the main focus of humanistic theories of personality?
Free will, self-actualization, and personal growth
ExplanationEmphasizes individuals' capacity for self-determination and realization of potential.
#8
Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, and situational influences?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationFocuses on how cognition, behavior, and the environment interact.
#9
Which of the following best describes the id in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The primitive and instinctual part of personality
ExplanationRepresents unconscious, impulsive, and primal drives.
#10
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on:
The influence of society and culture on personality development.
ExplanationEight stages of development influenced by societal and cultural factors.
#11
The concept of 'introversion and extroversion' was first introduced by which psychologist?
Carl Jung
ExplanationJung introduced these fundamental personality dimensions.
#12
Which concept is central to Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Reciprocal determinism
ExplanationInteraction between personal factors, behavior, and the environment.
#13
Which of the following best describes 'projective tests' in personality assessment?
Tests that require interpretation of ambiguous stimuli.
ExplanationAssessment tools prompting subjective interpretation of stimuli.
#14
Mischel's critique of personality theories emphasized:
The inconsistency of behavior across different situations.
ExplanationArgued against trait consistency, highlighting situational influence.
#15
Which approach to personality emphasizes the role of unconditional positive regard?
Humanistic psychology
ExplanationStresses the importance of acceptance and support for personal growth.