#1
Which of the following is considered a Big Five personality trait?
Extraversion
ExplanationOne of the five core personality traits, characterized by sociability and assertiveness.
#2
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's undesirable traits or actions to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection involves attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or traits onto others.
#3
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'collective unconscious'?
Carl Jung
ExplanationCarl Jung introduced the idea of a shared reservoir of unconscious experiences and archetypes, known as the collective unconscious.
#4
What is the term for the process of adapting and adjusting to new or different cultures?
Acculturation
ExplanationAcculturation involves the process of adapting to and integrating into a new culture or adjusting to cultural changes.
#5
What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where a person refuses to accept reality or the truth?
Denial
ExplanationDenial involves the refusal to acknowledge or accept a painful reality or truth.
#6
What is the primary focus of the psychoanalytic theory of personality?
Unconscious processes and childhood experiences
ExplanationThe theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early life experiences on personality development.
#7
Which psychologist is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs in motivation theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow proposed a hierarchy of human needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
#8
What is the key concept in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory of personality development?
Observational learning
ExplanationBandura's theory emphasizes the role of observational learning and cognitive processes in shaping personality.
#9
Which personality assessment tool is based on the identification of 16 personality types?
MBTI
ExplanationThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categorizes individuals into 16 personality types based on psychological preferences.
#10
What does the term 'self-actualization' refer to in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
The realization of one's full potential and personal growth
ExplanationSelf-actualization represents the fulfillment of one's potential and pursuit of personal growth and meaning.
#11
In the context of personality, what does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to?
The belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks
ExplanationSelf-efficacy reflects an individual's confidence in their capability to successfully perform specific actions.
#12
What is the primary characteristic of a person with a 'Type A' personality?
Competitive and time-conscious
ExplanationType A individuals are often characterized by competitiveness, a sense of urgency, and an ambitious nature.
#13
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary crisis during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescents struggle with establishing a sense of identity amidst societal roles and expectations.
#14
What is the concept of 'reciprocal determinism' in social cognitive theory?
The bidirectional interaction between behavior, environment, and personal factors
ExplanationReciprocal determinism posits that behavior, environment, and personal factors influence each other in a continuous feedback loop.
#15
What is the term for the enduring characteristics and patterns of behavior that differentiate one person from another?
Personality
ExplanationPersonality encompasses the unique traits, behaviors, and patterns that distinguish individuals from one another.