#1
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte found in the body?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chlorine
#2
Which condition is characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces?
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Hyponatremia
#3
Which condition is characterized by excessive thirst and urination, often accompanied by dehydration?
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Hyperaldosteronism
#4
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia
#5
Which hormone plays a key role in regulating sodium and water balance in the body?
Insulin
Thyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Growth hormone
#6
Which acid-base imbalance results from excessive retention of carbon dioxide?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
#7
Which intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing hypokalemia?
Administering potassium supplements
Encouraging high-potassium foods
Restricting fluid intake
Administering sodium bicarbonate
#8
Which acid-base imbalance occurs as a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Compensated respiratory alkalosis
#9
Which intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing hypernatremia?
Administering intravenous fluids with a high sodium concentration
Restricting sodium intake
Administering loop diuretics
Encouraging high-potassium foods
#10
Which acid-base imbalance is characterized by decreased serum pH and bicarbonate levels due to excess loss of bicarbonate?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
#11
Which laboratory finding indicates metabolic acidosis?
Decreased pH, decreased bicarbonate
Decreased pH, increased bicarbonate
Increased pH, increased bicarbonate
Increased pH, decreased bicarbonate
#12
Which condition is characterized by decreased serum pH, increased serum bicarbonate, and compensatory hypoventilation?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
#13
Which condition is characterized by increased serum pH, decreased serum bicarbonate, and compensatory hyperventilation?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
#14
Which condition is characterized by increased serum pH, decreased serum bicarbonate, and compensatory hypoventilation?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis