#1
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another?
First Law
Second Law
Third Law
Zeroth Law
#2
What is the heat capacity of a substance defined as?
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
The ability of a substance to conduct heat
The total energy of a substance
The ability of a substance to absorb heat
#3
Which of the following is NOT a mode of heat transfer?
Conduction
Convection
Expansion
Radiation
#4
What is entropy in thermodynamics?
The measure of disorder or randomness in a system
The total energy of a system
The amount of heat needed to change the phase of a substance
The ability of a system to do work
#5
What is the Carnot efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 (where T1 > T2)?
(T1 - T2) / T1
(T2 - T1) / T2
1 - (T2 / T1)
1 - (T1 / T2)
#6
Which of the following statements is true about an adiabatic process?
It occurs at constant temperature
No heat is exchanged with the surroundings
The pressure remains constant
The volume remains constant
#7
What is the definition of enthalpy (H) in thermodynamics?
The internal energy of a system plus the product of pressure and volume
The total energy of a system
The measure of disorder or randomness in a system
The amount of heat needed to change the phase of a substance
#8
What is the formula for calculating heat transfer through conduction?
Q = mcΔT
Q = mCpΔT
Q = kAΔT/d
Q = σT^4
#9
What is the formula for the efficiency of a heat engine operating between two reservoirs at temperatures T_hot and T_cold?
(T_hot - T_cold) / T_hot
(T_cold - T_hot) / T_cold
1 - (T_cold / T_hot)
1 - (T_hot / T_cold)
#10
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following processes is NOT possible?
Heat flowing from a hot object to a cold object without any external work
A perpetual motion machine that continuously produces work without any energy input
Entropy of a closed system decreases over time
Heat flowing from a cold object to a hot object without any external work
#11
What is the Stefan-Boltzmann law related to?
Thermal conductivity of a material
Blackbody radiation
Heat capacity of a substance
Heat transfer through convection
#12
In a reversible isothermal process, what happens to the entropy of a system?
Remains constant
Increases
Decreases
Cannot be determined
#13
What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs at temperatures T_hot and T_cold?
(T_hot - T_cold) / T_hot
(T_cold - T_hot) / T_cold
1 - (T_cold / T_hot)
1 - (T_hot / T_cold)
#14
What is the definition of thermal conductivity?
The ability of a material to conduct electricity
The ability of a material to conduct heat
The ability of a material to absorb heat
The ability of a material to emit radiation
#15
Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero?
First Law
Second Law
Third Law
Zeroth Law
#16
What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a Carnot engine?
1 - (T_hot / T_cold)
(T_hot - T_cold) / T_hot
(T_cold - T_hot) / T_cold
1 - (T_cold / T_hot)