#1
Who is credited with discovering penicillin, the first antibiotic?
Alexander Fleming
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
#2
Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Microbiology'?
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Joseph Lister
#3
Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization?
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Filtration
Incubation
#4
What is the term for a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
#5
Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
Thomas Hunt Morgan
#6
Which scientist proposed the theory of spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Francesco Redi
#7
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Lack of membrane-bound organelles
Presence of a nucleus
Presence of ribosomes
Single-celled organisms
#8
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Prion
Viroid
Plasmid
#9
What is the primary function of agar in microbiology?
To provide nutrients for bacterial growth
To solidify culture media
To stain bacterial cells
To visualize bacterial colonies
#10
Which microorganism is responsible for causing tuberculosis?
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium tetani
#11
Who developed the first vaccine for smallpox?
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Jonas Salk
Alexander Fleming
#12
Which scientist proposed the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
Florence Nightingale
#13
Who discovered the first antibiotic produced by a bacterium?
Alexander Fleming
Paul Ehrlich
Selman Waksman
Robert Koch
#14
Who proposed the theory of biogenesis?
Louis Pasteur
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Francesco Redi
Robert Koch
#15
Which microorganism is responsible for causing malaria?
Plasmodium
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Toxoplasma