#1
Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory processing according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?
Sensory memory
Long-term memory
Short-term memory
Intermediate memory
#2
The process of encoding in memory involves:
Retrieving stored information
Transforming information into a usable form
Storing information for later use
Forgetting previously learned material
#3
In the context of memory, what does the term 'retrieval' refer to?
The process of forgetting stored information
The process of forming new memories
The process of accessing and bringing forth stored information
The process of encoding sensory information
#4
What is the main function of the working memory?
To store information for an extended period
To temporarily hold and manipulate information
To retrieve memories from long-term storage
To consolidate memories during sleep
#5
What is the term for the tendency to recall the first items in a list more effectively than the middle items?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Memory association
#6
Which type of memory has the shortest duration?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Working memory
Long-term memory
#7
What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to the classic research of George Miller?
7 items (+/- 2)
12 items (+/- 3)
5 items (+/- 1)
10 items (+/- 4)
#8
Which brain structure is primarily associated with the formation and consolidation of long-term memories?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
#9
Which term describes the phenomenon where recalling one memory triggers the recall of a related memory?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Memory association
#10
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'chunking' in memory?
The process of organizing information into meaningful units to aid in memory storage
The process of forgetting irrelevant information
The process of retrieving memories from long-term storage
The process of encoding sensory information
#11
Which of the following best describes the process of consolidation in memory?
The process of retrieving memories from long-term storage
The process of forming a stable representation of a memory trace
The process of encoding sensory information into short-term memory
The process of retrieving memories from sensory memory
#12
According to the levels of processing model, which type of encoding leads to the deepest level of processing and best retention of information?
Structural encoding
Phonemic encoding
Semantic encoding
Visual encoding
#13
Which of the following is a mnemonic device that involves creating an association between items to be remembered and locations along a familiar route?
Acronym
Method of loci
Peg-word system
Keyword method