#1
What does the term 'shield law' refer to in journalism?
A law protecting journalists from physical harm
A law protecting journalists from libel suits
A law protecting journalists from revealing their sources
A law protecting journalists from plagiarism accusations
#2
What is the purpose of a 'shield law' in the context of journalistic privilege?
To protect journalists from physical harm
To shield journalists from ethical dilemmas
To grant immunity to journalists from legal actions
To regulate media content
#3
What is the primary ethical consideration for journalists when deciding whether to grant confidentiality to a source?
Source popularity
Public interest
Journalist's personal beliefs
Potential financial gain
#4
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case affirmed the existence of a qualified reporter's privilege?
New York Times v. Sullivan
Bartnicki v. Vopper
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
United States v. Sterling
#5
What is the primary purpose of a reporter's privilege?
To shield journalists from criticism
To protect journalists from physical harm
To provide legal protection for journalists to keep their sources confidential
To grant journalists immunity from libel suits
#6
Which court case is often cited as a landmark decision affirming the reporter's privilege?
New York Times v. United States
Branzburg v. Hayes
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
#7
What is the primary purpose of journalist-source confidentiality?
To protect journalists from legal action
To encourage whistleblowers to come forward
To maintain trust and encourage information flow
To provide exclusive news coverage
#8
Which U.S. constitutional amendment is often invoked to support journalistic privilege?
First Amendment
Second Amendment
Fourth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
#9
What is the 'balancing test' in the context of journalist-source confidentiality?
Weighing the journalist's income against potential legal fees
Balancing the public's right to know against other interests
Testing journalists' ethical standards
Comparing journalists' skills in reporting diverse topics
#10
Which term is commonly used to describe the legal process of compelling a journalist to reveal their source or information?
Subpoena
Cease-and-desist order
Gag order
Injunction
#11
Which of the following is NOT a typical exception to journalistic privilege?
National security concerns
Preventing imminent harm
Corporate interests
Criminal activities
#12
In the context of journalistic privilege, what does the term 'off-the-record' mean?
Information that can be published without attribution
Information that cannot be used in any form
Information that can be used but not attributed to the source
Information that is publicly available
#13
In the case of a conflict between a journalist's promise of confidentiality and a court subpoena, what might happen?
The court would always prioritize the journalist's promise
The court would always prioritize the subpoena
It depends on the specific circumstances and applicable laws
The journalist would be exempt from legal proceedings
#14
What is the term for the legal protection that allows journalists to refuse to disclose confidential sources or information in court?
Reporter's immunity
Press privilege
Editorial safeguard
Source shield
#15
Which organization or entity typically defines the standards and guidelines for journalistic ethics in the United States?
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
American Bar Association (ABA)
Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ)
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)