#1
Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Psychology'?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationPioneer in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline.
#2
What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
ExplanationBehaviorism emphasizes studying observable actions rather than internal mental processes.
#3
Which of the following is associated with the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic nervous system
ExplanationSympathetic nervous system triggers physiological responses for fight or flight.
#4
What is the term for a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem?
Insight
ExplanationA sudden realization of problem-solving, often without prior conscious awareness.
#5
Who developed the stages of psychosocial development, including concepts such as trust versus mistrust?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson outlined stages of development, addressing social and psychological challenges.
#6
Which of the following is not a component of classical conditioning?
Conscious response (CR)
ExplanationConditioned response is the correct term; conscious response isn't part of classical conditioning.
#7
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied first?
Safety
ExplanationBasic safety needs must be met before higher-level needs.
#8
What does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to in psychology?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationDiscomfort arising from conflicting beliefs, leading to attempts to resolve it.
#9
Who proposed the social learning theory, emphasizing the role of modeling and observational learning?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationBandura highlighted the significance of observation and modeling in learning.
#10
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine plays a key role in the brain's reward system.
#11
Which of the following best describes the 'confirmation bias'?
The tendency to believe new information that confirms existing beliefs
ExplanationPeople seek and accept information that confirms their existing beliefs.
#12
What does the 'Stanford prison experiment' illustrate about human behavior?
The influence of authority on behavior
ExplanationDemonstrates how authority can profoundly affect individual behavior and attitudes.