#1
Which cells are primarily targeted by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?
B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells
Macrophages
#2
What is the main function of the immune system?
To regulate body temperature
To produce hormones
To protect the body from pathogens
To regulate metabolism
#3
Which body fluid is considered the main vehicle for HIV transmission?
#4
Which organ does HIV primarily target and infect?
Liver
Kidneys
Spleen
Lymph nodes
#5
How does HIV primarily enter the body?
Through ingestion
Through inhalation
Through sexual contact
Through skin contact
#6
Which type of HIV test is commonly used for screening purposes?
Western blot
ELISA
PCR
Flow cytometry
#7
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
Adenovirus
Herpesvirus
Orthomyxovirus
#8
Which component of the immune system is primarily affected by HIV, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
#9
What is the role of CD4 cells in the immune system?
Producing antibodies
Killing infected cells
Coordinating immune responses
Phagocytosis
#10
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute HIV infection?
Persistent cough
Rash
High fever
Joint pain
#11
What is the significance of viral load in HIV management?
It indicates the amount of HIV virus in the body
It measures CD4 cell count
It assesses immune response
It determines antibody production
#12
Which of the following is a common opportunistic infection associated with advanced HIV infection?
Influenza
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Common cold
#13
Which of the following is NOT a common method of HIV transmission?
Unprotected sexual intercourse
Mosquito bites
Sharing needles
Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or breastfeeding
#14
What is the main mechanism by which HIV evades the immune system?
Rapid mutation
Production of toxins
Inhibition of cytokine production
Activation of apoptosis
#15
Which antiretroviral drug class interferes with the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA?
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
#16
What is the term used to describe the stage of HIV infection when the virus is replicating at its highest rate and CD4 cell counts decline significantly?
Latent stage
Chronic stage
Acute stage
Progression stage