Fundamentals of Psychology and Psychological Principles Quiz

Behaviorists emphasize studying and modifying behavior that can be directly observed and measured.

Maslow proposed a theory of human motivation, highlighting the importance of fulfilling basic needs before higher-level ones.

Wundt established the first psychological laboratory in 1879, laying the foundation for modern psychology.

The neutral stimulus acquires the ability to trigger a response through association with an unconditioned stimulus.

Operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments to strengthen or weaken behaviors.

Piaget's theory outlines the cognitive stages of human development from infancy to adulthood.

The amygdala plays a central role in processing emotions and forming emotional memories.

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency responses in stressful situations.

Central to Jung's psychology, it refers to the shared reservoir of memories and experiences inherited from our ancestors.

Adolescents strive to develop a coherent sense of self and personal identity.

People have a cognitive bias to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or values.

Dopamine plays a key role in the brain's reward system, influencing pleasure and reinforcement.

This perspective, founded by Freud, explores the impact of unconscious factors on human behavior.

Watson's experiment demonstrated classical conditioning by inducing a fear response in a young child.

Machiavellianism is a personality trait not included in the widely accepted Big Five model.

This error involves attributing others' actions to their character while overlooking external influences.

Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a repeated or irrelevant stimulus.

Bandura's theory highlights the role of social factors in learning and behavior.

People rely on readily available information when making judgments about probability.

Gardner proposed that intelligence is diverse and encompasses various abilities.

Projection involves attributing one's own undesirable traits to others to avoid self-awareness.

Csikszentmihalyi introduced the concept of 'flow,' describing an optimal state of engagement in a challenging activity.

Deci's theory highlights the role of intrinsic motivation and psychological needs in human behavior.

Deep processing, involving meaningful engagement, leads to better encoding and retention of information.

Critics argue that humanistic psychology neglects the impact of unconscious forces on behavior and personality.