#1
What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
ExplanationBehaviorists emphasize studying and modifying behavior that can be directly observed and measured.
#2
Who is known for developing the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow proposed a theory of human motivation, highlighting the importance of fulfilling basic needs before higher-level ones.
#3
Who is considered the father of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationWundt established the first psychological laboratory in 1879, laying the foundation for modern psychology.
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the term for a previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned stimulus
ExplanationThe neutral stimulus acquires the ability to trigger a response through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
#5
What is the term for a type of learning where behavior is strengthened by consequences?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationOperant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments to strengthen or weaken behaviors.
#6
Which of the following is a key concept in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Collective unconscious
ExplanationCentral to Jung's psychology, it refers to the shared reservoir of memories and experiences inherited from our ancestors.
#7
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary task of adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationAdolescents strive to develop a coherent sense of self and personal identity.
#8
What is the term for the tendency to seek out information that confirms pre-existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationPeople have a cognitive bias to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or values.
#9
Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine plays a key role in the brain's reward system, influencing pleasure and reinforcement.
#10
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationThis perspective, founded by Freud, explores the impact of unconscious factors on human behavior.
#11
What is the primary criticism of the humanistic perspective in psychology?
It ignores the role of unconscious processes
ExplanationCritics argue that humanistic psychology neglects the impact of unconscious forces on behavior and personality.