#1
Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of speech?
First Amendment
ExplanationFirst Amendment guarantees freedom of speech.
#2
What type of expression is protected under the First Amendment?
All types of expression
ExplanationAll types of expression are protected under the First Amendment.
#3
Which case established the 'clear and present danger' test for restricting free speech?
Schenck v. United States
ExplanationSchenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test.
#4
What is the standard used by courts to determine if a restriction on speech violates the First Amendment?
Strict scrutiny test
ExplanationStrict scrutiny test is used to evaluate First Amendment violations.
#5
What does the 'heckler's veto' refer to in the context of freedom of expression?
A situation where a disruptive audience member silences a speaker
Explanation'Heckler's veto' refers to silencing by a disruptive audience member.
#6
Which test is used to evaluate restrictions on commercial speech?
Central Hudson test
ExplanationCentral Hudson test evaluates restrictions on commercial speech.
#7
Which landmark Supreme Court case upheld the burning of the American flag as protected speech under the First Amendment?
Texas v. Johnson
ExplanationTexas v. Johnson upheld burning the flag as protected speech.
#8
What does the 'chilling effect' refer to in the context of free speech?
A situation where individuals self-censor due to fear of punishment
Explanation'Chilling effect' refers to self-censorship due to fear of punishment.
#9
Which of the following is an example of unprotected speech?
Hate speech
ExplanationHate speech is an example of unprotected speech.
#10
In what case did the Supreme Court establish the 'actual malice' standard for defamation of public figures?
New York Times v. Sullivan
ExplanationNew York Times v. Sullivan established 'actual malice' standard.
#11
Which form of expression receives the highest level of protection under the First Amendment?
Political speech
ExplanationPolitical speech receives the highest level of protection.
#12
What is the 'prior restraint' doctrine?
Government censorship before publication
Explanation'Prior restraint' doctrine is government censorship before publication.
#13
Which type of speech is generally given the least protection under the First Amendment?
Hate speech
ExplanationHate speech generally receives the least protection.
#14
What does the 'fighting words' doctrine pertain to?
Speech that is likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction
Explanation'Fighting words' doctrine pertains to speech provoking immediate violence.