#1
Which of the following is NOT considered an exception to the Fourth Amendment?
Ex post facto
ExplanationEx post facto is a legal principle, not an exception to the Fourth Amendment.
#2
Which principle holds that evidence obtained as a result of an illegal search or seizure must be excluded from trial?
Exclusionary rule
ExplanationExclusionary rule mandates the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence from trial.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining whether exigent circumstances exist?
The suspect's race
ExplanationThe suspect's race is not a relevant factor in determining exigent circumstances.
#4
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationFourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a 'search incident to arrest' under the Fourth Amendment?
A warrantless search of a suspect's person
ExplanationSearch incident to arrest permits warrantless searches of a suspect's person following a lawful arrest.
#6
Which Supreme Court case established the 'exigent circumstances' exception to the Fourth Amendment?
Kentucky v. King
ExplanationExigent circumstances exception allows warrantless searches if there is an immediate threat or danger.
#7
Under the 'plain view' exception to the Fourth Amendment, evidence can be seized without a warrant if:
It is immediately apparent as evidence of a crime
ExplanationPlain view exception permits warrantless seizure if incriminating evidence is readily visible.
#8
In which scenario can law enforcement conduct a search without a warrant or probable cause?
When there is consent from the individual
ExplanationConsent from the individual allows law enforcement to conduct a search without a warrant or probable cause.
#9
Which Supreme Court case established the 'stop and frisk' exception to the Fourth Amendment?
Terry v. Ohio
ExplanationStop and frisk exception allows limited searches for weapons based on reasonable suspicion.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a valid search warrant?
Exigent circumstances
ExplanationExigent circumstances are an exception, not a requirement for a valid search warrant.
#11
The 'good faith' exception to the exclusionary rule applies when:
The police conduct an illegal search but believe they are acting within the law
ExplanationGood faith exception allows the use of evidence if police reasonably believed their actions were lawful.
#12
Under the 'inevitable discovery' exception to the Fourth Amendment, evidence can be admitted if:
It would have been discovered lawfully anyway
ExplanationInevitable discovery exception allows admission of evidence that would have been lawfully discovered.
#13
The 'private search' doctrine states that:
Evidence discovered by a private party may be turned over to law enforcement without a warrant
ExplanationPrivate search doctrine allows private parties to share lawfully obtained evidence with law enforcement without a warrant.
#14
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a valid consent search?
The person providing consent must be advised of the consequences of refusal
ExplanationAdvising the consequences of refusal is not a requirement for a valid consent search.