#1
Which of the following is not a factor influencing health behavior?
Social determinants
Genetics
Environmental factors
Technological advancements
#2
Which of the following is an example of a positive health behavior?
Smoking cigarettes
Exercising regularly
Eating junk food daily
Avoiding vaccinations
#3
Which of the following is an example of a socio-cultural factor influencing health behavior?
Individual beliefs
Genetic predisposition
Access to healthcare services
Cultural norms
#4
Which of the following is NOT a stage of behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model?
Preparation
Contemplation
Denial
Action
#5
Which of the following factors is associated with increased health literacy?
Limited access to healthcare services
Low educational attainment
Strong social support networks
Regular engagement in reading and learning
#6
What theory proposes that behavior change is influenced by an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and norms?
Social Cognitive Theory
Health Belief Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
Transtheoretical Model
#7
Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivation for adopting healthy behaviors?
Avoiding punishment
Achieving social approval
Improving self-esteem
Receiving monetary rewards
#8
Which model of behavior change emphasizes the stages of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance?
Health Belief Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
Transtheoretical Model
Social Cognitive Theory
#9
According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, which factor directly influences behavioral intentions?
Perceived behavioral control
Subjective norms
Attitude towards the behavior
Past behavior
#10
Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to health behavior change?
Lack of knowledge
Social support
Financial constraints
Cultural beliefs
#11
In the context of health behavior, what does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to?
Belief in one's ability to successfully perform a behavior
Social support received for behavior change
Exposure to cues triggering behaviors
Outcome expectations associated with behavior
#12
According to the Health Belief Model, which factor refers to a person's belief in the effectiveness of a recommended health behavior in reducing a health threat?
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Cues to action
#13
Which of the following factors plays a crucial role in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, according to the Socio-Ecological Model?
Individual characteristics
Social networks
Community resources
All of the above
#14
According to the Ecological Model of Health Behavior, which level includes factors such as policies, laws, and cultural norms?
Individual level
Interpersonal level
Community level
Societal level
#15
In the context of health behavior change, what does the term 'health locus of control' refer to?
The belief that health outcomes are determined by external factors
The belief that individuals are responsible for their own health outcomes
The belief that health outcomes are predetermined by genetic factors
The belief that health outcomes are influenced by luck or chance