#1
Who is often credited as the founder of experimental psychology?
Sigmund Freud
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental study?
To provide a baseline for comparison
To manipulate the independent variable
To ensure the experiment is conducted ethically
To collect qualitative data
#3
Which of the following is NOT a type of memory identified in the modal model of memory?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Intermediate memory
#4
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Standard deviation
Variance
Mean
Correlation coefficient
#5
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To serve as a control group
To manipulate the independent variable
To simulate the effects of the independent variable
To ensure the experiment is double-blinded
#6
What is the purpose of a double-blind procedure in experimental research?
To ensure that the researcher is unaware of the hypotheses being tested
To ensure that participants are unaware of which condition they are assigned to
To prevent experimenter bias and participant bias
To maintain confidentiality of research data
#7
Which of the following is an example of a non-probability sampling technique?
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
#8
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure the sample represents the population
To eliminate confounding variables
To ensure each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group
To manipulate the independent variable
#9
What is the main difference between a between-subjects design and a within-subjects design?
The number of independent variables manipulated
The number of dependent variables measured
Whether participants experience all conditions or only one condition
Whether the experiment is conducted in a lab or field setting
#10
Which statistical test is commonly used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?
ANOVA
Chi-square test
t-test
Correlation analysis
#11
What is the purpose of debriefing participants after an experiment?
To provide them with payment
To collect additional data
To inform them about the true nature and purpose of the study
To manipulate their perceptions
#12
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Randomized controlled trial
Single-blind study
Observational study
None of the above
#13
Which type of memory is responsible for the storage of personal experiences and autobiographical information?
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Episodic memory
Implicit memory
#14
What is the purpose of a factorial design in experimental research?
To manipulate multiple independent variables
To compare multiple groups simultaneously
To control for extraneous variables
To analyze longitudinal data
#15
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Reinforcer
Punisher
#16
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what is reinforcement?
The weakening of a response when it is no longer reinforced
The punishment of a response to decrease its likelihood
The process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding or removing a stimulus
The process of learning through observation
#17
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the final stage of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#18
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Trust vs. mistrust
Identity vs. role confusion
Generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair
#19
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs