#1
Who is often credited as the founder of experimental psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationWundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental study?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationIt allows comparison to the experimental group to assess the effect of the independent variable.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a type of memory identified in the modal model of memory?
Intermediate memory
ExplanationThe modal model includes sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.
#4
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Mean
ExplanationIt represents the average value in a dataset.
#5
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To simulate the effects of the independent variable
ExplanationIt helps control for psychological effects unrelated to the treatment.
#6
What is the purpose of a double-blind procedure in experimental research?
To prevent experimenter bias and participant bias
ExplanationNeither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental or control group.
#7
Which of the following is an example of a non-probability sampling technique?
Convenience sampling
ExplanationParticipants are chosen based on their availability and accessibility.
#8
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group
ExplanationIt minimizes bias and increases the likelihood that groups are comparable.
#9
What is the main difference between a between-subjects design and a within-subjects design?
Whether participants experience all conditions or only one condition
ExplanationBetween-subjects: different participants for each condition; within-subjects: same participants for all conditions.
#10
Which statistical test is commonly used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?
t-test
ExplanationIt compares means of two groups to assess if differences are significant.
#11
What is the purpose of debriefing participants after an experiment?
To inform them about the true nature and purpose of the study
ExplanationIt helps participants understand the study's aims and addresses any concerns.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Observational study
ExplanationIt lacks random assignment, typical in experimental designs.
#13
Which type of memory is responsible for the storage of personal experiences and autobiographical information?
Episodic memory
ExplanationIt involves memory of specific events or episodes.
#14
What is the purpose of a factorial design in experimental research?
To manipulate multiple independent variables
ExplanationIt allows studying the effects of multiple factors simultaneously.
#15
In classical conditioning, what is the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus?
Conditioned stimulus
ExplanationIt triggers a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
#16
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what is reinforcement?
The process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding or removing a stimulus
ExplanationIt strengthens a behavior by associating it with a consequence.
#17
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the final stage of cognitive development?
Formal operational stage
ExplanationIt involves abstract thinking and problem-solving.
#18
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationIt involves exploring personal values and identity.
#19
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic needs like food, water, and shelter must be met before addressing higher-level needs.