#1
Which of the following is NOT a type of experimental design?
Cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Case study design
Quasi-experimental design
#2
Which of the following is NOT a type of research variable?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Mediating variable
Extraneous variable
#3
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
Gender
Age
Marital status
Eye color
#4
In experimental research, what is an extraneous variable?
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher
A variable that directly affects the dependent variable
A variable that is not of interest to the study but could influence the results
A variable that is measured before the experiment begins
#5
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Pretest-posttest design
Cross-sectional design
Case-control study
#6
Which of the following is an example of a between-subjects design?
Repeated measures design
Matched pairs design
Factorial design
Independent groups design
#7
What does a control group serve as in an experiment?
A group that receives the experimental treatment
A baseline for comparison
A group that is not influenced by any variables
A group that is used to test multiple variables simultaneously
#8
In a factorial design, how are different levels of each independent variable combined?
Through random assignment
Through systematic sampling
Through manipulation
Through all possible combinations
#9
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental design?
To ensure equal representation of groups
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
To assign participants to different conditions by chance
To increase the likelihood of obtaining significant results
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic of a quasi-experimental design?
Random assignment of participants
Control group with no treatment
Manipulation of independent variables
Lack of random assignment or control group
#11
What is the purpose of blinding in experimental research?
To make sure participants understand the instructions
To prevent bias in the administration of treatments
To ensure that participants are aware of the experimental conditions
To manipulate the independent variable
#12
What is the purpose of counterbalancing in experimental design?
To ensure that all participants receive the same treatment
To control for order effects in repeated measures designs
To manipulate the independent variable
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
#13
What is the purpose of a covariate in experimental design?
To control for extraneous variables
To manipulate the independent variable
To measure the dependent variable
To serve as a control group
#14
Which of the following is a potential threat to internal validity in experimental research?
Hawthorne effect
Regression toward the mean
Demand characteristics
Maturation
#15
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables
A variable that mediates the relationship between two other variables
A variable that is controlled by the researcher
A variable that is not relevant to the research study
#16
What is a within-subjects design in experimental research?
A design where participants are assigned to different groups
A design where each participant experiences all conditions
A design where participants are matched based on characteristics
A design where participants are not aware of the experimental conditions
#17
What is the difference between a dependent variable and an outcome variable?
There is no difference; they refer to the same concept
A dependent variable is measured before the experiment, while an outcome variable is measured after
An outcome variable is manipulated by the researcher, while a dependent variable is not
A dependent variable is affected by the independent variable, while an outcome variable is not
#18
What is the difference between internal and external validity in experimental research?
Internal validity refers to the generalizability of results, while external validity refers to the accuracy of measurements.
Internal validity refers to the accuracy of measurements, while external validity refers to the ability to draw causal inferences.
Internal validity refers to the consistency of results, while external validity refers to the degree to which results can be generalized.
Internal validity refers to the extent to which the study measures what it intends to measure, while external validity refers to the extent to which results can be attributed to the intervention.