#1
Which scientist proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Isaac Newton
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Louis Pasteur
#2
What is the term for the process by which species evolve over time?
Adaptation
Mutation
Natural selection
Speciation
#3
Which ecological interaction is characterized by one organism benefiting while the other is unaffected?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Predation
#4
What is the term for the relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Predation
#5
Which of the following is not a type of symbiotic relationship?
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
#6
What is the term for a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance?
Keystone species
Indicator species
Pioneer species
Endemic species
#7
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
A lion hunting and killing a zebra
A tapeworm living in the intestines of a mammal and absorbing nutrients
A bee pollinating flowers and receiving nectar
A tick attaching itself to a dog and feeding on its blood
#8
What is the primary factor that drives coevolution between species?
Competition for resources
Geographic isolation
Genetic drift
Predator-prey interactions
#9
What is convergent evolution?
The evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures
The evolution of dissimilar traits in closely related species due to different environmental pressures
The process by which new species evolve from a common ancestor
The gradual change of a species' phenotype over time
#10
Which of the following is an example of coevolution?
A cheetah chasing down a gazelle
A snake mimicking the appearance of a venomous snake to deter predators
A plant species evolving to produce more nectar in response to increased pollination by bees
A virus mutating to become resistant to a drug, leading to the development of a new drug
#11
What is the term for the evolutionary adaptation where unrelated species evolve to resemble each other?
Parallel evolution
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Homologous evolution
#12
Which of the following is an example of mimicry?
A moth blending into its surroundings to avoid predators
A flower emitting a scent to attract pollinators
A predator evolving a similar appearance to a poisonous species to avoid predation
A plant providing nectar to ants in exchange for protection from herbivores
#13
Which of the following is a mechanism of evolution other than natural selection?
Artificial selection
Gene flow
Genetic drift
All of the above
#14
What is the principle of competitive exclusion?
Two species cannot coexist in the same niche if one is more efficient at resource utilization
Two species can coexist in the same niche if they have identical resource requirements
Two species can coexist in the same niche if they compete for different resources
Two species will evolve to have identical traits if they occupy the same niche
#15
What is the term for the evolutionary relationship in which one species evolves to mimic the appearance of another?
Predation
Mutualism
Mimicry
Co-evolution
#16
Which of the following statements best describes the Red Queen hypothesis?
Species must continually evolve to maintain their relative fitness in an ever-changing environment
Species evolve due to competition for resources within their environment
Genetic variation within a population is necessary for adaptation to new environments
Species evolve to exploit new ecological niches left vacant by extinct species