#1
Which term describes the discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationDiscomfort from conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#2
Who introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationConcept introduced by Leon Festinger.
#3
What is the term for the psychological discomfort experienced after making a decision or taking an action?
Post-decision dissonance
ExplanationDiscomfort after decisions or actions.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Adding new beliefs that justify past actions
ExplanationNot reducing dissonance by adding new justifications.
#5
Which term refers to the tendency to seek out information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationSeeking confirming information.
#6
Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance in everyday life?
Preferring sweet food despite knowing its health risks
ExplanationPreferring despite knowing risks.
#7
Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?
Feeling discomfort after making a decision that contradicts one's beliefs
ExplanationDiscomfort from contradictory decisions.
#8
According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to reduce dissonance?
Gaining new information that supports existing beliefs
ExplanationNot reducing dissonance by affirming existing beliefs.
#9
According to Festinger, when is cognitive dissonance most likely to occur?
When the discrepancy between beliefs is large
ExplanationDissonance more likely with large belief discrepancies.
#10
Which of the following scenarios is an example of post-decision dissonance?
Experiencing regret after choosing between two similar options
ExplanationRegret after similar choices.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to downplay the importance of conflicting beliefs or behaviors?
Dissonance reduction
ExplanationDownplaying conflicting beliefs.
#12
Which psychological concept suggests that people rationalize their actions to reduce discomfort?
Self-justification
ExplanationRationalizing actions to reduce discomfort.
#13
Which psychological principle suggests that individuals may adjust their attitudes to align with their actions?
Self-perception theory
ExplanationAdjusting attitudes to actions.
#14
In which field of psychology is cognitive dissonance theory most commonly applied?
Social psychology
ExplanationCommonly applied in social psychology.
#15
What is the term for the process of modifying one's beliefs or attitudes to align with their behavior?
Cognitive consonance
ExplanationAligning beliefs with behavior.
#16
Which psychological theory proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationMotivation for consistency in beliefs, attitudes, and behavior.
#17
In Festinger's original study on cognitive dissonance, participants performed a boring task. What did they do to reduce dissonance?
They changed their attitude about the task
ExplanationChanging attitude about the boring task.