#1
At what age do infants typically begin to crawl?
4-6 months
6-8 months
8-10 months
10-12 months
#2
Which of the following is considered a milestone in language development for a 2-year-old?
Saying single words
Using short phrases
Holding a conversation
Reading sentences
#3
What is the approximate age range for the emergence of pretend play in children?
6-9 months
12-18 months
2-3 years
4-5 years
#4
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a securely attached child according to attachment theory?
Seeks proximity to the caregiver when distressed
Shows resistance or avoidance towards the caregiver
Uses the caregiver as a secure base for exploration
Displays distress upon separation from the caregiver
#5
Which of the following is NOT a type of memory according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Working memory
Long-term memory
#6
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
The ability to recognize different objects
The capacity to manipulate objects
The ability to understand abstract concepts
#7
Piaget's stages of cognitive development include all of the following EXCEPT:
Sensorimotor
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Intuitive operational
#8
What is the term for a child's ability to understand that changing the appearance of an object does not change its fundamental properties?
Conservation
Reversibility
Decentration
Irreversibility
#9
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task of the toddler stage (ages 1-3)?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Trust vs. Mistrust
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
#10
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the role of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in learning?
The level of development at which a child can independently solve problems
The gap between a child's actual developmental level and potential development
The range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to master alone but can be achieved with guidance
The capacity for independent thought and problem-solving
#11
What is egocentrism in the context of child development?
The tendency to view the world from one's own perspective only
The ability to understand others' perspectives
The inclination to share possessions
The capacity for abstract thinking
#12
What is theory of mind (ToM) in child development?
The understanding that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own
The ability to understand scientific theories
The process of forming personal beliefs
The capacity to develop psychological theories
#13
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, at what stage do individuals adhere to social rules and conventions to gain approval and avoid disapproval?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Transconventional
#14
What is the term for the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation and ignore other relevant aspects?
Centration
Decentration
Inhibition
Concentration
#15
What is the term for the process of acquiring new information and experiences and incorporating them into existing mental schemas?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Cognition
Adaptation