#1
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left atrium
ExplanationReceives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins.
#2
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells
ExplanationEnsures delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues.
#3
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
Inferior vena cava
ExplanationReturns blood from lower body to the right atrium.
#4
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
Generating the heart's rhythmic contractions
ExplanationInitiates electrical impulses for heart contractions.
#5
What role does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) play in the cardiovascular system?
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
ExplanationRegulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
#6
Which of the following is a symptom of cardiogenic shock?
Low blood pressure
ExplanationResult of heart's inability to pump effectively.
#7
What is the primary cause of distributive shock?
Widespread vasodilation
ExplanationLeads to decreased systemic vascular resistance.
#8
Which of the following conditions can lead to obstructive shock?
Massive pulmonary embolism
ExplanationBlocks blood flow to and from the heart.
#9
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart related to?
Stroke volume and cardiac output
ExplanationDescribes the relationship between preload and stroke volume.
#10
In shock, what is the purpose of administering intravenous fluids?
To restore circulating volume
ExplanationCompensates for decreased blood volume.
#11
In the context of the cardiovascular system, what does the term 'preload' refer to?
The amount of blood returned to the heart during diastole
ExplanationDetermines the stretch of myocardial fibers.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiogenic shock?
Impaired pump function of the heart
ExplanationResults from heart's inability to pump effectively.
#13
What effect does sympathetic nervous system activation have on the cardiovascular system?
Enhances heart rate and contractility
ExplanationIncreases cardiac output in response to stress.
#14
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?
Draining excess fluid and proteins from tissues
ExplanationMaintains fluid balance and immune response.
#15
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
ExplanationNarrows blood vessels to increase blood pressure.