#1
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
#2
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells
Producing hormones
Digesting food
Filtering waste products from the blood
#3
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
#4
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
Conducting electrical signals to the ventricles
Generating the heart's rhythmic contractions
Regulating blood pressure
Facilitating gas exchange in the lungs
#5
What role does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) play in the cardiovascular system?
Regulating heart rate
Controlling blood clotting
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
Promoting vasodilation
#6
Which of the following is a symptom of cardiogenic shock?
Hypertension
Low blood pressure
Increased heart rate
Elevated body temperature
#7
What is the primary cause of distributive shock?
Severe bleeding
Heart attack
Widespread vasodilation
Pulmonary embolism
#8
Which of the following conditions can lead to obstructive shock?
Severe allergic reaction
Myocardial infarction
Massive pulmonary embolism
Excessive fluid loss (dehydration)
#9
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart related to?
Myocardial contractility
Blood pressure regulation
Stroke volume and cardiac output
Vasodilation
#10
In shock, what is the purpose of administering intravenous fluids?
To increase heart rate
To reduce blood viscosity
To restore circulating volume
To improve oxygen saturation
#11
In the context of the cardiovascular system, what does the term 'preload' refer to?
The force of blood against arterial walls
The amount of blood returned to the heart during diastole
The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood
The volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiogenic shock?
Increased cardiac output
Decreased preload
Impaired pump function of the heart
Low peripheral resistance
#13
What effect does sympathetic nervous system activation have on the cardiovascular system?
Decreases heart rate
Increases blood vessel dilation
Promotes relaxation of the heart muscles
Enhances heart rate and contractility
#14
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?
Transporting oxygen to tissues
Maintaining blood pressure
Draining excess fluid and proteins from tissues
Producing red blood cells
#15
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Vasoconstriction
Enhanced blood clotting