#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of attitude formation?
Physiological Component
ExplanationAttitude formation involves affective, cognitive, and behavioral components, excluding physiological responses.
#2
What term describes the tendency for people to prefer consistency among their cognitions?
Balance Theory
ExplanationBalance Theory refers to the tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
#3
Which process involves adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the process of aligning one's behavior or beliefs with those of a group in order to fit in or avoid rejection.
#4
What term refers to the process of reducing prejudice by engaging in cooperative activities with members of a different group?
Contact hypothesis
ExplanationThe Contact Hypothesis suggests that prejudice can be reduced by increasing contact and cooperative activities between members of different groups.
#5
What concept refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#6
Which type of attribution involves attributing someone's behavior to their internal disposition rather than to the situation?
Internal attribution
ExplanationInternal Attribution involves attributing someone's behavior to their internal disposition, such as personality traits, rather than to external situational factors.
#7
Which theory suggests that people can hold attitudes toward an object not only because of direct experience with it but also because of association with other positive or negative stimuli?
Classical Conditioning Theory
ExplanationClassical Conditioning Theory posits that attitudes can be formed through association with positive or negative stimuli, beyond direct experience.
#8
According to the theory of planned behavior, what is the primary determinant of a person's intention to perform a behavior?
Attitude toward the behavior
ExplanationA person's intention to perform a behavior is primarily determined by their attitude toward that behavior, according to the theory of planned behavior.
#9
Which theory posits that people infer their attitudes from observing their own behavior?
Self-Perception Theory
ExplanationSelf-Perception Theory suggests that people derive their attitudes by observing their own behavior and the circumstances surrounding it.
#10
According to the foot-in-the-door technique, what is the initial small request designed to do?
To gain compliance with a larger request
ExplanationThe initial small request in the foot-in-the-door technique is designed to increase the likelihood of compliance with a larger request.
#11
What is the term for the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a request after they have already complied with a smaller request?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationThe foot-in-the-door technique is the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a larger request after initially complying with a smaller one.
#12
Which theory suggests that people attribute the cause of their own and others' behavior to internal factors such as traits and abilities or external factors such as situational influences?
Attribution theory
ExplanationAttribution theory proposes that individuals attribute behavior to either internal factors (traits) or external factors (situational influences).
#13
Which term refers to the process of explaining away inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors by creating a new justification or rationale for one's behavior?
Self-justification
ExplanationSelf-justification is the process of rationalizing or justifying one's behavior to maintain consistency between attitudes and actions.
#14
According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion involves detailed scrutiny of a persuasive message, considering its merits, and analyzing arguments?
Central route
ExplanationThe central route to persuasion involves careful analysis of a message's content and merits, focusing on its arguments and evidence.
#15
In social psychology, what is the term for the tendency to overestimate the intensity and duration of our emotional reactions to future negative events?
Impact Bias
ExplanationImpact Bias refers to the tendency to overestimate the emotional impact and duration of negative events in the future.
#16
According to the self-perception theory, in what situation are people more likely to infer their attitudes from their behavior?
When their attitudes are weak
ExplanationAccording to Self-Perception Theory, people are more likely to infer their attitudes from their behavior when their attitudes are weak or ambiguous.