Acid-Base Balance and Physiological Regulation Quiz

Test your understanding of acid-base balance and physiological regulation with these challenging questions. Explore buffer systems, compensatory mechanisms, and more.

#1

Which organ primarily regulates acid-base balance in the body?

Liver
Kidneys
Heart
Lungs
#2

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system in the human body?

Bicarbonate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Adrenal buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
#3

What is the normal range of blood pH in humans?

6.5 - 7.0
7.35 - 7.45
7.8 - 8.2
8.5 - 9.0
#4

Which of the following is a primary regulator of acid-base balance in the body?

Potassium
Sodium
Bicarbonate
Chloride
#5

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a pH below 7.35?

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
#6

Which of the following factors does NOT affect acid-base balance?

Respiration
Diet
Exercise
Body temperature
#7

Which parameter is primarily measured to assess acidosis or alkalosis in the body?

Blood glucose level
Blood pressure
Blood pH
Red blood cell count
#8

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb bicarbonate ions and excrete hydrogen ions?

Insulin
Glucagon
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
#9

Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

Diarrhea
Hypoventilation
Renal failure
Excessive vomiting
#10

Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?

Decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
Increased respiratory rate
Increased hydrogen ion excretion
Increased bicarbonate reabsorption
#11

Which buffer system primarily operates in the intracellular fluid compartment?

Bicarbonate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
#12

What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system in blood plasma?

To neutralize acids and bases
To regulate respiratory rate
To regulate blood pressure
To transport oxygen
#13

In respiratory acidosis, there is an accumulation of which substance in the body?

Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Glucose
Lactic acid
#14

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid in red blood cells?

Carbonic anhydrase
Acetylcholinesterase
Amylase
Lactase
#15

Which condition is characterized by a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and fruity breath odor?

Diabetes insipidus
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypernatremia
Cushing's syndrome
#16

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decreased anion gap and metabolic alkalosis?

Acute respiratory acidosis
Chronic respiratory acidosis
Acute respiratory alkalosis
Chronic respiratory alkalosis

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