#1
Which organ primarily regulates acid-base balance in the body?
Kidneys
ExplanationKidneys regulate acid-base balance.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a buffer system in the human body?
Adrenal buffer system
ExplanationAdrenal buffer system is not a buffer system.
#3
What is the normal range of blood pH in humans?
7.35 - 7.45
ExplanationNormal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45.
#4
Which of the following is a primary regulator of acid-base balance in the body?
Bicarbonate
ExplanationBicarbonate is a primary acid-base regulator.
#5
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a pH below 7.35?
Metabolic acidosis
ExplanationMetabolic acidosis results in a pH below 7.35.
#6
Which of the following factors does NOT affect acid-base balance?
Body temperature
ExplanationBody temperature does not directly affect acid-base balance.
#7
Which parameter is primarily measured to assess acidosis or alkalosis in the body?
Blood pH
ExplanationBlood pH indicates acidosis or alkalosis.
#8
Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb bicarbonate ions and excrete hydrogen ions?
Aldosterone
ExplanationAldosterone stimulates kidney function in acid-base balance.
#9
Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive vomiting
ExplanationExcessive vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis.
#10
Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
Decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
ExplanationRenal excretion of bicarbonate ions decreases.
#11
Which buffer system primarily operates in the intracellular fluid compartment?
Protein buffer system
ExplanationProtein buffer system operates intracellularly.
#12
What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system in blood plasma?
To neutralize acids and bases
ExplanationCarbonic acid-bicarbonate system neutralizes acids and bases.
#13
In respiratory acidosis, there is an accumulation of which substance in the body?
Carbon dioxide
ExplanationRespiratory acidosis involves excess carbon dioxide.
#14
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid in red blood cells?
Carbonic anhydrase
ExplanationCarbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and water to carbonic acid.
#15
Which condition is characterized by a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and fruity breath odor?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
ExplanationDiabetic ketoacidosis presents with fruity breath odor.
#16
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decreased anion gap and metabolic alkalosis?
Chronic respiratory alkalosis
ExplanationChronic respiratory alkalosis exhibits decreased anion gap.