#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation?
Equity
ExplanationEquity is not a component of Expectancy Theory; it focuses on effort, performance, and outcome expectations.
#2
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs are considered basic physiological needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic physiological needs include food, water, shelter, and other biological necessities.
#3
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of goal-setting?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationSMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound; criteria for effective goal-setting.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a common extrinsic motivator in the workplace?
Job satisfaction
ExplanationJob satisfaction is an intrinsic motivator, not an extrinsic one, as per workplace motivation theories.
#5
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
ExplanationFixed-Ratio Schedule reinforces behavior after a specific number of responses, promoting consistent performance.
#6
In reinforcement theory, what is extinction?
The gradual disappearance of a behavior because it is no longer reinforced
ExplanationExtinction in reinforcement theory refers to the fading away of a behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#7
Which of the following reinforcement schedules is known to produce the highest response rate and resistance to extinction?
Variable-Ratio Schedule
ExplanationVariable-Ratio Schedule provides reinforcement after a variable number of responses, leading to high response rates and resistance to extinction.
#8
What is the concept of 'Job Enrichment' primarily focused on?
Increasing job depth and responsibility
ExplanationJob Enrichment aims to enhance job satisfaction by increasing the depth and responsibility of tasks.
#9
What is the primary focus of the Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation?
Setting specific and challenging goals
ExplanationGoal-Setting Theory emphasizes the importance of setting specific and challenging goals to enhance motivation and performance.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a core element of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
Intrinsic factors
ExplanationIntrinsic factors are not part of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which focuses on hygiene factors and motivators.
#11
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of providing rewards that are perceived as fair and equitable?
Equity Theory
ExplanationEquity Theory highlights the significance of fair and equitable rewards to maintain motivation and satisfaction.
#12
What is the primary focus of the Operant Conditioning Theory of Motivation?
Extrinsic rewards and punishments
ExplanationOperant Conditioning Theory focuses on modifying behavior through extrinsic rewards and punishments.
#13
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to achieve competence by mastering new skills and overcoming challenges?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory emphasizes intrinsic motivation, focusing on autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
#14
According to the Equity Theory, what happens if employees perceive an inequity in the ratio of their outcomes to inputs compared to others?
They become less motivated
ExplanationPerceiving inequity in outcomes to inputs decreases motivation according to Equity Theory.
#15
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of three basic needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory underscores autonomy, competence, and relatedness as fundamental for intrinsic motivation.
#16
Which motivational theory suggests that individuals are driven by the desire to fulfill their potential and achieve self-actualization?
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
ExplanationHierarchy of Needs Theory posits that individuals seek to fulfill higher-level needs, such as self-actualization, once lower-level needs are met.