#1
Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses?
They can replicate independently.
ExplanationViruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
#2
Which of the following viruses is known for causing the common cold?
Rhinovirus
ExplanationRhinovirus is a common cause of the common cold.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a bacteriophage?
It infects bacteria.
ExplanationBacteriophages specifically infect bacterial cells.
#4
Which virus is responsible for causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Retrovirus
ExplanationRetroviruses, like HIV, cause AIDS.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bacteriophage but not typical of other viruses?
Tail fibers
ExplanationTail fibers are unique to bacteriophages for host attachment.
#6
What is the primary function of a virus's capsid?
To facilitate attachment to host cells.
ExplanationCapsids protect the viral genome and aid in attachment.
#7
Which enzyme do retroviruses use to convert their RNA genome into DNA?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA.
#8
What is the outermost layer of some viruses, derived from the host cell's membrane?
Envelope
ExplanationThe envelope is derived from the host cell's membrane.
#9
Which type of virus has a single-stranded RNA genome that acts as a template for mRNA synthesis?
Retrovirus
ExplanationRetroviruses use single-stranded RNA as a template for mRNA synthesis.
#10
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza viruses?
Assists in the release of newly formed virions from host cells
ExplanationNeuraminidase aids in the release of virions from host cells.
#11
What is the process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another?
Transduction
ExplanationTransduction involves the transfer of genetic material via a virus.
#12
What is the function of the viral protein hemagglutinin in influenza viruses?
Facilitates viral entry into host cells
ExplanationHemagglutinin helps influenza viruses enter host cells.
#13
What is the process by which a virus inserts its genetic material into the genome of its host cell?
Integration
ExplanationIntegration involves viral genetic material becoming part of the host genome.
#14
What is the mechanism by which antiviral drugs like oseltamivir work against influenza viruses?
Inhibiting viral neuraminidase activity
ExplanationOseltamivir inhibits neuraminidase, preventing viral spread.
#15
What is the name of the process where viruses remain dormant inside host cells and can reactivate later?
Latency
ExplanationLatency refers to viruses remaining dormant inside host cells.