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Virology and Viral Lifecycle Quiz

#1

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of viruses?

They can only replicate inside a host cell
Explanation

Obligate intracellular parasites

#2

Which of the following is NOT a method of viral transmission?

Photosynthesis
Explanation

Non-viral process of energy production

#3

Which viral structure contains the viral genome?

Nucleocapsid
Explanation

Genetic material enclosed by protein shell

#4

Which enzyme do retroviruses use to convert their RNA genome into DNA?

Reverse transcriptase
Explanation

RNA to DNA conversion enzyme

#5

Which viral structure is responsible for the recognition and attachment to host cells?

Spikes
Explanation

Glycoproteins on viral surface

#6

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the viral replication cycle?

Translation
Explanation

Synthesis of viral proteins from RNA

#7

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?

They possess a lipid bilayer membrane
Explanation

Presence of lipid membrane

#8

Which of the following is a common mechanism used by viruses to evade the host immune response?

Inhibition of apoptosis
Explanation

Blocking programmed cell death

#9

Which of the following is a characteristic of lysogenic viral replication?

The virus remains dormant within the host cell
Explanation

Integration into host DNA without immediate replication

#10

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving precursor viral proteins into functional units?

Protease
Explanation

Enzyme for protein processing

#11

Which of the following is characteristic of a bacteriophage?

Has a protein coat called a capsid
Explanation

Infects bacteria with protein coat

#12

What is the term for the process by which a virus induces host cell death?

Apoptosis
Explanation

Cellular suicide initiated by virus

#13

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA viruses?

They often exhibit rapid mutation rates
Explanation

High mutation frequency

#14

Which of the following is a method used by viruses to enter host cells?

Endocytosis
Explanation

Cellular uptake mechanism

#15

Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA viruses?

They have relatively small genomes
Explanation

Genomes of modest size

#16

Which viral structure is involved in the delivery of the viral genome into the host cell during viral entry?

Envelope
Explanation

Outer lipid bilayer containing viral components

#17

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?

They can integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA
Explanation

DNA integration into host DNA

#18

What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

To protect the viral genome
Explanation

Genetic material shielding

#19

Which type of viral genome is directly translated into protein without needing to be transcribed into mRNA?

Positive-sense RNA
Explanation

Viral RNA as mRNA

#20

Which viral protein mediates the fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane during viral entry?

Fusion protein
Explanation

Facilitates membrane fusion

#21

Which viral protein is responsible for the synthesis of viral RNA using the host cell's machinery?

RNA polymerase
Explanation

Enzyme for RNA synthesis

#22

Which viral enzyme integrates viral DNA into the host cell genome during the lysogenic cycle?

Integrase
Explanation

DNA integration into host DNA

#23

Which of the following is a strategy used by viruses to evade the host immune response?

Reducing surface antigenicity
Explanation

Decreasing immune recognition

#24

Which viral protein is responsible for the release of newly assembled virions from the host cell?

Neuraminidase
Explanation

Virion release from cell surface

#25

Which of the following is a method used by viruses to avoid recognition by the host immune system?

Mimicking host cell receptors
Explanation

Imitating cellular surface proteins

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