#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lytic cycle in viral replication?
Lysis of the host cell to release new virions
ExplanationLytic cycle: host cell lysis for virion release
#2
What is the role of the viral envelope in the viral life cycle?
Recognition of host cell receptors
ExplanationEnvelope: recognizes host cell receptors for entry
#3
Which stage of the viral life cycle involves the assembly of new viral particles?
Maturation
ExplanationMaturation: assembly of new viral particles
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of the burst size in the viral life cycle?
Number of viral particles released from a host cell
ExplanationBurst size: number of viral particles released from a cell
#5
Which of the following is NOT a step in the viral life cycle?
Integration
ExplanationIntegration: not a step in the viral life cycle
#6
Which enzyme is essential for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase for retroviral DNA synthesis
#7
What is the primary function of viral integrase during the life cycle of retroviruses?
Inserting viral DNA into the host genome
ExplanationIntegrase: viral DNA integration into host genome
#8
Which of the following is NOT a common method by which viruses evade the host immune response?
Suppression of host cell apoptosis
ExplanationViruses typically evade immunity via apoptosis suppression
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lysogenic cycle in bacteriophages?
Integration of viral DNA into host chromosome
ExplanationLysogenic: viral DNA integrates into host chromosome
#10
What is the primary function of viral neuraminidase?
Destroying mucin layer on host cell surfaces
ExplanationNeuraminidase: removes mucin layer for viral entry
#11
Which type of viral genome is directly translated into proteins upon entry into the host cell?
Positive-sense RNA
ExplanationPositive-sense RNA: direct translation into proteins
#12
Which process involves the production of viral proteins using host cell machinery but without the formation of new viral particles?
Expression
ExplanationExpression: viral protein production without particle formation
#13
What is the function of viral protease during viral replication?
Cleaving viral polyproteins into functional proteins
ExplanationProtease: cleaves polyproteins into functional ones
#14
Which of the following is NOT a common mechanism by which viruses enter host cells?
Cell division
ExplanationViruses typically don't enter cells via cell division
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the eclipse phase in the viral life cycle?
Absence of detectable viral components within the host cell
ExplanationEclipse phase: no detectable viral components within cell
#16
What is the role of the viral polymerase in the viral life cycle?
Replicating viral genome
ExplanationPolymerase: replicates viral genome during the life cycle