#1
According to social exchange theory, what motivates individuals in social interactions?
Maximizing benefits and minimizing costs
ExplanationIndividuals seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs in social exchanges.
#2
Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain balance or consistency in their cognitive structures?
Balance theory
ExplanationIndividuals strive for cognitive consistency by balancing their beliefs and attitudes.
#3
Which concept in social decision-making theory refers to the tendency for individuals to conform to group norms even if they disagree?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink occurs when individuals conform to group decisions to maintain harmony, even if it opposes their personal beliefs.
#4
Which theory posits that individuals attribute others' behavior either to internal dispositions or external situations?
Attribution theory
ExplanationAttribution theory explains how individuals interpret behavior as either internally or externally caused.
#5
Which concept in social psychology describes the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group setting?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to reduce effort when working collectively compared to when working alone.
#6
Who proposed the theory of social penetration, suggesting that interpersonal relationships develop through systematic changes in communication intimacy?
Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor
ExplanationAltman and Taylor proposed that relationships progress as individuals share increasingly intimate information.
#7
According to the dual-process theory of decision-making, what are the two systems involved in decision-making?
Automatic and controlled
ExplanationDecision-making involves both automatic, intuitive processes and controlled, deliberate processes.
#8
Who proposed the theory of social identity, suggesting that individuals define themselves based on group memberships?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationTajfel proposed that individuals derive part of their identity from group memberships, influencing their behavior and attitudes.
#9
According to the elaboration likelihood model, what determines the route of persuasion followed by an individual?
The motivation and ability to process information
ExplanationThe Elaboration Likelihood Model suggests that the route of persuasion depends on an individual's motivation and ability to process information.
#10
Who proposed the concept of group cohesion, suggesting that the strength of bonds within a group influences its performance?
Kurt Lewin
ExplanationLewin proposed that group cohesion affects group performance by influencing communication, cooperation, and commitment.