#1
Which of the following best describes social bias?
Preconceived notions or stereotypes about certain groups of people
ExplanationSocial bias involves preconceived notions or stereotypes about specific groups.
#2
What is the term used to describe the tendency to favor one's own group over others?
In-group bias
ExplanationIn-group bias refers to the inclination to favor one's own group over others.
#3
Which psychological concept suggests that individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#4
What is the term for the cognitive shortcut where individuals categorize others based on superficial characteristics?
Stereotyping
ExplanationStereotyping is the cognitive shortcut of categorizing individuals based on superficial traits.
#5
What term is used to describe the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to believe information that supports their existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to believe information that aligns with existing beliefs.
#6
Which of the following is an example of institutional bias?
A company's policy that inadvertently discriminates against certain groups
ExplanationInstitutional bias is exemplified by a company's policy unintentionally discriminating against specific groups.
#7
What is the term for the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture?
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationEthnocentrism is the tendency to judge other cultures by one's own cultural standards and values.
#8
Which of the following describes a form of social bias that occurs when people are treated differently based on their race or ethnicity?
Racial bias
ExplanationRacial bias involves treating individuals differently based on their race or ethnicity.
#9
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory proposes that individuals strive for consistency in their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.
#10
What is the term for the expectation that causes individuals to act in ways that make the expectation come true?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
ExplanationSelf-fulfilling prophecy is the tendency for expectations to influence individuals' behavior and make the expectation come true.
#11
What term refers to the tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationActor-observer bias involves attributing one's own actions to external causes and others' behaviors to internal causes.
#12
Which of the following is an example of microaggression?
Unintentional, subtle comments or actions that convey hostility or disregard for marginalized groups
ExplanationMicroaggression includes subtle, unintentional actions or comments conveying hostility or disregard for marginalized groups.