#1
Which of the following is a common cause of hypovolemic shock?
Massive bleeding
ExplanationMassive blood loss leading to decreased circulating volume.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a stage of shock according to the traditional model?
Regressive
ExplanationRegressive stage is not traditionally recognized.
#3
What is the main objective of treatment in shock?
To restore tissue perfusion
ExplanationThe primary goal is to restore adequate blood flow to tissues.
#4
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of shock?
Hypotension
ExplanationHypotension is a common clinical sign of shock.
#5
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?
Myocardial infarction
ExplanationMyocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiogenic shock.
#6
Which of the following hormones is released during shock to increase heart rate and contractility?
Epinephrine
ExplanationEpinephrine is released to enhance cardiac function during shock.
#7
What is the primary cause of distributive shock?
Sepsis
ExplanationSepsis leads to widespread vasodilation causing distributive shock.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiogenic shock?
Elevated systemic vascular resistance
ExplanationElevated systemic vascular resistance is a characteristic of cardiogenic shock.
#9
Which of the following is a potential complication of shock?
Acidosis
ExplanationShock can lead to metabolic acidosis due to tissue hypoxia.
#10
What is the hallmark sign of neurogenic shock?
Bradycardia
ExplanationBradycardia is characteristic of neurogenic shock.
#11
In septic shock, what is the primary source of infection?
Varies depending on the patient
ExplanationThe source of infection can vary among individuals in septic shock.
#12
Which of the following types of shock involves a sudden and severe allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock
ExplanationAnaphylactic shock results from an acute allergic response.
#13
Which of the following statements about obstructive shock is true?
It occurs due to obstruction of blood flow
ExplanationObstructive shock arises from physical obstruction of blood flow.
#14
What is the key difference between distributive shock and cardiogenic shock?
Mechanism of impaired tissue perfusion
ExplanationThe mechanism of impaired tissue perfusion differs between distributive and cardiogenic shock.
#15
Which of the following is a sign of irreversible shock?
Normal urine output
ExplanationNormal urine output indicates irreversible shock.
#16
Which of the following is a treatment option for distributive shock?
Corticosteroid therapy
ExplanationCorticosteroids can be used as adjunctive therapy in distributive shock.
#17
What is the primary difference between hypovolemic shock and cardiogenic shock?
Etiology of decreased preload
ExplanationHypovolemic shock is due to decreased preload from fluid loss, while cardiogenic shock is due to heart dysfunction.