#1
Which of the following is a key component of the Big Five personality traits?
Openness to experience
ExplanationBig Five trait focusing on receptiveness to new ideas and experiences.
#2
According to the social-cognitive theory, what plays a crucial role in the development of personality?
Observational learning
ExplanationPersonality development influenced by observing and imitating others.
#3
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at the trait theory of personality?
Lack of empirical support
ExplanationCritique centers on insufficient scientific evidence supporting traits.
#4
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in personality psychology?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationProposed hierarchy of human needs influencing motivation and behavior.
#5
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task during the stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion'?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescent's challenge: establishing a cohesive sense of self.
#6
Who is known for proposing the psychoanalytic theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFather of psychoanalysis, exploring unconscious mind's impact on behavior.
#7
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's undesirable traits or actions to others?
Projection
ExplanationDefense mechanism shifting blame by attributing personal faults to others.
#8
Which personality assessment tool is based on the idea of classifying individuals into 16 personality types?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
ExplanationTool categorizing individuals based on preferences in perception and judgment.
#9
What is the primary focus of the psychodynamic perspective on personality?
Unconscious conflicts
ExplanationEmphasizes unresolved conflicts in the unconscious shaping personality.
#10
In the context of personality assessment, what does the term 'self-report' refer to?
Subjective disclosure by the individual
ExplanationIndividual's subjective disclosure of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
#11
Which type of intelligence is often associated with understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationCapacity to comprehend and handle emotions, both personal and interpersonal.
#12
In the context of personality, what does the term 'self-actualization' refer to?
Becoming one's true potential
ExplanationRealizing and fulfilling one's innate capabilities and potential.
#13
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes on personality?
Psychoanalytic
ExplanationPsychological approach focusing on the impact of unconscious forces.
#14
Which factor is emphasized by the trait theory of personality?
Stable characteristics
ExplanationFocuses on enduring, consistent traits influencing behavior.
#15
According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, what is the term for an individual's belief in their ability to perform specific tasks?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationBelief in one's capacity to accomplish specific tasks or goals.
#16
What is the concept of the 'collective unconscious' associated with in personality psychology?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationJungian theory: shared, inherited reservoir of memories and symbols.
#17
According to the humanistic perspective, what is the term for the innate drive for personal growth and fulfillment?
Self-actualization
ExplanationInnate motivation for realizing one's full potential and purpose.