#1
Which personality trait describes someone who tends to be organized, responsible, and detail-oriented?
Conscientiousness
ExplanationTrait characterized by being organized, responsible, and focused on achieving goals.
#2
What term describes a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
Phobia
ExplanationAn irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
#3
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with mood regulation and is implicated in depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationNeurotransmitter linked to mood regulation; low levels associated with depression.
#4
Which of the following is a symptom of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations
ExplanationPerception of stimuli that are not present.
#5
Which theorist proposed the concept of the collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
ExplanationConcept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history.
#6
Which personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others?
Antisocial personality disorder
ExplanationPattern of disregard for others' rights, often involving criminal behavior.
#7
Which of the following is a key concept in understanding personality according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory?
Ego defense mechanisms
ExplanationDefense mechanisms that protect the ego from anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
#8
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?
Persistent sadness
ExplanationLong-lasting feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.
#9
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Assertiveness
ExplanationTrait not included in the Big Five model of personality.
#10
In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), what is the primary focus of treatment?
Modifying maladaptive thoughts and behaviors
ExplanationFocuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.
#11
What term refers to a psychological defense mechanism where unacceptable thoughts or impulses are attributed to others?
Projection
ExplanationAttributing one's undesirable traits to others.
#12
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as love and belongingness?
Physiological
ExplanationBasic needs such as food, water, and shelter.
#13
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Psychoanalytic
ExplanationFocuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping personality.
#14
What is the primary difference between antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder?
Lack of empathy
ExplanationAbsence of empathy and disregard for others' feelings versus instability in relationships and self-image.