#1
Which of the following is considered a function of central banks in a monetary system?
Issuing currency
Managing fiscal policy
Conducting foreign policy
Regulating stock markets
#2
What is the term for a situation where the prices of goods and services rise, reducing the purchasing power of currency?
Recession
Stagflation
Hyperinflation
Deflation
#3
Which monetary system relies on a fixed exchange rate between the domestic currency and a reserve currency, usually the U.S. dollar?
Floating exchange rate system
Bretton Woods system
Gold standard
Currency peg system
#4
What is the term for the process through which central banks create new money electronically to purchase financial assets?
Quantitative easing
Inflation targeting
Deflationary spiral
Currency pegging
#5
What is the primary purpose of the Federal Reserve System in the United States?
Conducting foreign policy
Issuing currency
Regulating stock markets
Controlling the money supply and ensuring financial stability
#6
What is the main tool used by central banks to control the money supply?
Interest rates
Taxation
Government spending
Trade policies
#7
What is the term for the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow money from the central bank?
Inflation rate
Prime rate
Discount rate
Libor rate
#8
Which international organization is responsible for issuing the world's primary reserve currency, the U.S. dollar?
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
European Central Bank (ECB)
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
#9
What is the term for the process by which the central bank buys and sells government securities to control the money supply?
Open market operations
Quantitative easing
Fiscal policy
Monetary expansion
#10
What is the primary goal of contractionary monetary policy?
Stimulating economic growth
Reducing inflation
Increasing government spending
Promoting currency devaluation
#11
In the context of central banking, what does the term 'lender of last resort' mean?
A bank that lends to consumers
A central bank that provides emergency loans to financial institutions
A government agency that oversees lending practices
A commercial bank that borrows from other banks
#12
In a fractional reserve banking system, what does the term 'reserve requirement' refer to?
The interest rate charged on loans
The percentage of deposits banks must hold in reserve
The total amount of money in circulation
The government's budgetary allocation for banking
#13
Which economist is known for his quantity theory of money, stating that the quantity of money determines the value of money?
John Maynard Keynes
Milton Friedman
Adam Smith
Karl Marx
#14
Which of the following is a characteristic of a fiat currency?
Backed by a physical commodity like gold
Decentralized and anonymous
Value determined by government decree
Used only for international trade
#15
In the context of monetary policy, what does the term 'dual mandate' refer to?
Stabilizing prices and maximizing employment
Controlling inflation and supporting economic growth
Maintaining a balanced budget and promoting trade
Regulating domestic and international interest rates
#16
What is the primary tool used by central banks to implement monetary policy?
Currency manipulation
Foreign exchange intervention
Open market operations
Trade tariffs
#17
Which economist is associated with the concept of 'liquidity trap' in monetary policy?
John Maynard Keynes
Friedrich Hayek
Milton Friedman
Paul Krugman