#1
Which of the following theories suggests that people have five core needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization?
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
ExplanationHierarchy of Needs Theory outlines five essential human needs.
#2
What is 'organizational culture'?
The shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization
ExplanationOrganizational culture: shared values, beliefs, and norms.
#3
What is the purpose of job enrichment in organizational behavior?
To increase job satisfaction by adding variety and responsibility
ExplanationJob enrichment: adding variety and responsibility for satisfaction.
#4
What is the 'psychological contract' in organizational behavior?
The unwritten expectations between employees and their organization
ExplanationPsychological contract: unwritten expectations between employees and organization.
#5
Which leadership style involves setting clear goals and guidelines and giving employees autonomy to achieve them?
Laissez-Faire Leadership
ExplanationLaissez-Faire Leadership: providing autonomy with clear goals.
#6
What does the 'Hawthorne effect' refer to in organizational behavior?
The tendency of individuals to perform better when they know they're being observed
ExplanationHawthorne effect: improved performance due to observation.
#7
Which leadership style emphasizes collaboration, communication, and involving employees in decision-making processes?
Transformational Leadership
ExplanationTransformational Leadership fosters collaboration and involvement.
#8
What is the main focus of the contingency approach to management?
Adapting management practices to unique situations
ExplanationContingency approach: adapting management to unique contexts.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing individual behavior in organizations according to the Big Five personality model?
Dominance
ExplanationDominance is not a factor in the Big Five personality model.
#10
What is the main focus of the Theory X and Theory Y model proposed by Douglas McGregor?
Different assumptions about employee attitudes and behavior
ExplanationTheory X and Y: differing assumptions about employee behavior.
#11
What is the primary focus of organizational psychology?
Studying individual behavior within organizations
ExplanationOrganizational psychology focuses on behavior within organizations.
#12
Which theory suggests that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others and adjust their behavior accordingly?
Equity Theory
ExplanationEquity Theory: individuals compare and adjust based on fairness.
#13
Which motivational theory suggests that individuals are motivated by three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power?
McClelland's Theory of Needs
ExplanationMcClelland's Theory: motivation driven by achievement, affiliation, and power.
#14
What is 'cognitive dissonance' in the context of organizational behavior?
The discomfort experienced when faced with conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationCognitive dissonance: discomfort from conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#15
What does the 'Pygmalion effect' suggest in organizational behavior?
The impact of leadership expectations on employee performance
ExplanationPygmalion effect: leadership expectations influence performance.