#1
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill their basic needs before moving on to higher-level needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationHierarchy of needs; basic needs first.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationPleasure and reward neurotransmitter.
#3
What is the concept of self-efficacy in social psychology?
The belief in one's ability to accomplish specific tasks or goals
ExplanationBelief in own ability to achieve.
#4
Which term refers to the tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors when explaining other people's behavior?
Fundamental Attribution Error
ExplanationOverestimate dispositional, underestimate situational.
#5
What is the key difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice involves negative attitudes toward a group, while discrimination involves unfair treatment based on those attitudes
ExplanationAttitude vs. action based on attitude.
#6
Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in behavior?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationObservation and modeling influence behavior.
#7
What is cognitive dissonance?
A state of mental conflict or discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationConflicting beliefs cause discomfort.
#8
Which term refers to the tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational factors while attributing others' behavior to internal, dispositional factors?
Fundamental Attribution Error
ExplanationAttribute own behavior to situation, others' to disposition.
#9
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present
ExplanationPresence of others reduces likelihood of helping.
#10
According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), what are the two routes to persuasion?
Central and peripheral routes
ExplanationCentral route focuses on content, peripheral on cues.
#11
What does the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate about human behavior?
The power of authority and situational factors in shaping behavior
ExplanationAuthority and situation influence behavior.
#12
In psychology, what does the term 'mood congruence' refer to?
The tendency to remember experiences that are consistent with one's current mood
ExplanationRecalling experiences consistent with current mood.