#1
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
RNA polymerase
ExplanationRNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from DNA.
#2
In which direction does RNA polymerase move along the DNA template during transcription?
5' to 3'
ExplanationRNA polymerase moves along the DNA template from the 5' to the 3' end.
#3
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
ExplanationtRNA carries amino acids during translation.
#4
In which stage of transcription does RNA polymerase bind to the promoter region of DNA?
Initiation
ExplanationRNA polymerase binds during initiation.
#5
What is the function of the template strand during transcription?
To serve as a template for RNA synthesis
ExplanationTemplate strand acts as a template for RNA synthesis.
#6
Which of the following is NOT involved in transcription initiation in prokaryotes?
Terminator
ExplanationTerminator is not involved in transcription initiation.
#7
What is the function of transcription factors?
Regulate gene expression by binding to DNA sequences
ExplanationTranscription factors regulate gene expression by binding to DNA.
#8
What is the function of the TATA box in transcription?
It serves as a binding site for RNA polymerase
ExplanationTATA box is a binding site for RNA polymerase.
#9
What is the role of RNA processing in eukaryotic gene expression?
To remove introns and splice exons together
ExplanationRNA processing removes introns and splices exons.
#10
What is the function of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic transcription?
It synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA)
ExplanationRNA polymerase II synthesizes mRNA.
#11
In eukaryotes, what is the role of the polyadenylation signal in transcription termination?
It signals the release of RNA polymerase and RNA transcript
ExplanationPolyadenylation signal signals the end of transcription.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of RNA splicing?
Removal of exons from the RNA transcript
ExplanationRNA splicing removes exons from the transcript.
#13
What is the primary role of RNA interference (RNAi) in gene regulation?
To degrade mRNA molecules
ExplanationRNAi degrades mRNA molecules in gene regulation.
#14
What is the role of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA processing?
It stabilizes the mRNA molecule
Explanation5' cap stabilizes mRNA.
#15
What is the function of the UTRs (Untranslated Regions) in mRNA?
To regulate translation and mRNA stability
ExplanationUTRs regulate translation and mRNA stability.